* 619 BC: Alyattes becomes king of Lydia.

The name “ Goliath ” itself is non-Semitic and has been linked with the Lydian king Alyattes, which also fits the Philistine context of the biblical Goliath story.

* 619 BC — Alyattes becomes king of Lydia.

Clazomenae was attacked by the Lydian king Alyattes II in the 6th century.

* Alyattes I, king of Lydia ( ca.

* Alyattes II, king of Lydia, ( 619-560 BC )

The Lydian king Alyattes II attacked Miletus, a conflict that ended with a treaty of alliance between Miletus and Lydia, that meant that Miletus would have internal autonomy but follow Lydia in foreign affairs.

The famous Lydian king Croesus succeeded his father Alyattes in around 560 BC and set about conquering the other Greek city states of Asia Minor.

Alyattes I was the twenty-third king of Lydia, and twentieth king of the Heraclid dynasty ; see List of Kings of Lydia.

The Gordium site contains a considerable later building program, perhaps by Alyattes, the Lydian king, in the 6th century BC.

* Livius, Alyattes of Lydia by Jona Lendering

Later on, the military power of Alyattes and Croesus expanded Lydia into an empire, with its capital at Sardis, which controlled all Asia Minor west of the River Halys, except Lycia.

645-570 BC ), and according to Athenaeus, she was the contemporary of Alyattes of Lydia ( ca.

Electrum is believed to have been used in coins circa 600 BC in Lydia under the reign of Alyattes II.

Their decline quickly began, and their final defeat is dated between 637 or 626, when they were defeated by Alyattes of Lydia.

Between 637 and 626 BC, they were beaten back by Alyattes II of Lydia.

His wife was reportedly a granddaughter to both Cyaxares of Media and Alyattes II of Lydia.

In particular, the tomb at Pasargadae has almost exactly the same dimensions as the tomb of Alyattes II, father of the Lydian King Croesus ; however, some have refused the claim ( according to Herodotus, Croesus was spared by Cyrus during the conquest of Lydia, and became a member of Cyrus ' court ).

According to Herodotus, Mandana was born to Astyages, King of Media and son of Cyaxares the Great, and Princess Aryenis of Lydia, daughter of Alyattes II, the father of Croesus of Lydia.

Aryenis of Lydia was, according to Herodotus, the daughter of King Alyattes of Lydia and the sister of King Croesus of Lydia.

She was given in marriage to Astyages to seal a treaty between Cyaxares of Media and Alyattes II of Lydia, following the Battle of the Eclipse.

* 585 BC – A solar eclipse occurs, as predicted by Greek philosopher and scientist Thales, while Alyattes is battling Cyaxares in the Battle of the Eclipse, leading to a truce.

* 637-626 – Cimmerians defeated by Alyattes II.

Recently, an inscription dating to the late 10th / early 9th centuries BC with two names, very similar to one of the suggested etymologies of the popular Philistine name Goliath ( Lydian Alyattes, or perhaps Greek Kalliades ) was found in the excavations at Gath.

* 28 May 585 BC — A solar eclipse occurs as predicted by Thales, while Alyattes II is battling Cyaxares.

* Herodotus ' account of Croesus ( from the Perseus Project ): see 1. 6-94 ; contains links Croesus was the son of Alyattes II and continued the conquest of Ionian cities of Asia Minor that his father had begun to both English and Greek versions

He was alive when Smyrna was besieged for the final time by the Lydians under Alyattes II and possibly he died with the town.

He was succeeded by his son Alyattes II.

Sadyattes began a twelve year war with the Ionian Greek maritime city of Miletus that was continued by his son Alyattes II.

And they, when they had received this treatment from Cyaxares, considering that they had suffered indignity, planned to kill and to cut up one of the boys who were being instructed among them, and having dressed his flesh as they had been wont to dress the wild animals, to bear it to Cyaxares and give it to him, pretending that it was game taken in hunting ; and when they had given it, their design was to make their way as quickly as possible to Alyattes the son of Sadyattes at Sardis.

This then was done ; and Cyaxares with the guests who ate at his table tasted of that meat, and the Scythians having so done became suppliants for the protection of Alyattes.

And they who brought about the peace between them were Syennesis the Kilikian and Labynetos the Babylonian: these were they who urged also the taking of the oath by them, and they brought about an interchange of marriages ; for they decided that Alyattes should give his daughter Aryenis to Astyages the son of Cyaxares, since without the compulsion of a strong tie agreements are apt not to hold strongly together.

de: Alyattes II.

sk: Alyattes II.

sk: Alyattes I.

It probably was a Thracian town, as Strabo has it, but was afterwards colonized by Milesians, with the consent of Gyges, king of Lydia, around 700 BC.

The first nine probably date from the 3rd century BC, they are usually included among the Cynic epistles, and reflect how the Cynic philosophers viewed him as prefiguring many of their ideas ; the tenth letter is quoted by Diogenes Laertius, it is addressed to Croesus, the proverbially rich king of Lydia, it too is fictitious:

It was famous in antiquity for its oracle of Apollo Abaeus, one of those consulted by Croesus, king of Lydia, and Mardonius, among others.

" So Midas, king of Lydia, swelled at first with pride when he found he could transform everything he touched to gold ; but when he beheld his food grow rigid and his drink harden into golden ice then he understood that this gift was a bane and in his loathing for gold, cursed his prayer " ( Claudian, In Rufinem ).

Croesus, king of Lydia beginning in 560 B. C., tested the oracles of the world to discover which gave the most accurate prophecies.

* 687 BC: Gyges becomes king of Lydia.

* 631 BC: Sadyates becomes king of Lydia.

Other versions name his father as Tmolus, the name of a king of Lydia and, like Sipylus, of another mountain in ancient Lydia.

* 797 BC: Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia.

* 747 BC: Meles becomes king of Lydia.

About 700 BC Gyges, first Mermnad king of Lydia, invaded the territories of Smyrna and Miletus, and is said to have taken Colophon as his son Ardys did Priene.

* 560 BC / 561 BC — Croesus becomes king of Lydia.

* 631 BC — Sadyattes becomes king of Lydia.

* 652 BC — Death of Gyges, king of Lydia

* 687 BC — Gyges becomes king of Lydia.

* 747 BC — Meles becomes king of Lydia.

* 797 BC — Ardysus I becomes king of Lydia.

* 546 Croesus, rich king of Lydia, captured at Sardis by Persians

While it is the Masoretic text of the poem which uses the word Agag, the Septuagint, other Greek versions, and the Samaritan Pentateuch, all have Gog ( i. e., king Gyges of Lydia, 716 BC to 678 BC ), implying a very late date for the poem.

Gugu is known in Greek texts as Gyges of Lydia, a historical king of Lydia and the founder of the Mermnad dynasty ( ruled c. 716-678 BC ).