Amphibians also use their skin for respiration and some small terrestrial salamanders rely entirely on this and have no lungs.

Amphibians like toads and frogs have been featured also, and are depicted as lower creatures that live in more basic tribal systems and usually serve not as the primary villains but as secondary distractions to heroes.

He co-authored The Amphibians and Reptiles of Louisiana ( ISBN 0-8071-2077-4 ), and also The Garter Snakes: Evolution and Ecology ( ISBN 0-8061-2820-8 ).

He was also the author of the Handbook of Turtles, and with Coleman J. Goin, Guide to the Reptiles, Amphibians and Freshwater Fishes of Florida.

Amphibians swallow their prey whole, with some chewing done in the oral cavities of some species, so they possess voluminous stomachs.

* Subotnick's The Double Life of Amphibians at the Internet Archive Avant Garde Project has FLAC files made from high-quality LP transcriptions ( originally from the Avant Garde Project ) available for free download.

The National Collection of Amphibians and Reptiles has increased 300 % over the past 40 years ( 190, 000 specimen records in 1970 to over 570, 000 specimen records in 2008 ).

The Sword-tail newt ( Cynops ensicauda ) has recently been placed on Japan's Red List of Threatened Amphibians.

Amphibians have a juvenile stage and an adult stage and the circulatory systems of the two are distinct.

Amphibians have two kidneys located dorsally, near the roof of the body cavity.

Amphibians and reptiles may have many cornua, while mammals ( including humans ) have two pairs, and birds only one.

The first two books are repackaged in one volume, and Adrian Mole: The Lost Years includes The True Confessions and The Wilderness Years, as well as a bonus not available separately, " Adrian Mole and the Small Amphibians ".

After the dissolution of Strategic Investments, a few of the players took their winnings and split off into two independent groups, the Amphibians who were primarily led by Semyon Dukach and the Reptiles who were led by Mike Aponte, Manlio Lopez and Wes Atamian.

He provided the first comprehensive illustrated account of North American Amphibians & Reptiles in the two editions of his North American Herpetology: or a Description of the Reptiles inhabiting the United States.

Amphibians are members of the class Amphibia, whose living forms include frogs, toads, salamanders, newts and caecilians.

Amphibians typically have a larval stage that lives in water but there are many different behavioural adaptations that have developed among species to bypass this necessity.

Amphibians evolved adaptations that allowed them to stay out of the water for longer periods.

Amphibians are cold blooded vertebrates.

Amphibians have a urinary bladder and nitrogenous waste products are excreted primarily as urea.

Amphibians breathe by means of a pump action in which air is first drawn into the buccopharyngeal region through the nostrils.

Amphibians often eat the sloughed skin.

Amphibians have a skeletal system that is structurally homologous to other tetrapods, though with a number of variations.

Amphibians possess a pancreas, liver and gall bladder.

Amphibians usually swallow food whole but may chew it lightly first in order to subdue it.

Amphibians have soft bodies and thin skins, lack claws, defensive armour or spines and seem relatively helpless.

Amphibians, reptiles, and birds use the same orifice for excreting liquid and solid wastes, and for copulation and egg-laying ; this orifice is known as the cloaca.

Amphibians were the dominant land vertebrates, of which one branch would eventually evolve into reptiles, the first fully terrestrial vertebrates.

Amphibians include the green toad, American toad, common tree frog, and the Cretan marsh frog.

Amphibians and reptiles have no ovarian medulla ; the central part of the ovary is a hollow, lymph-filled space.

Amphibians were diverse and common ; some were several meters long as adults.

Amphibians were the dominant tetrapods until the mid-Carboniferous, when climate change greatly reduced their diversity.

Amphibians originally thrived in the marshes, sloughs, side-channels and oxbow cutoffs because of their warmer water, abundance of vegetation and nutrients, lower population of predators, and slower current.

Amphibians have a three-chambered heart.

** The first known underwater diving club in Britain, " The Amphibians Club ", is formed in Aberdeen by Ivor Howitt ( who modified an old civilian gas mask ) and some friends.

Loyalty requires affection also to the office of the Sovereign, attachment to royalty, attachment to the law and to the constitution of the realm, and he who would, by force or by fraud, endeavour to prostrate that law and constitution, though he may retain his affection for its head, can boast but an imperfect and spurious species of loyalty ( R v O ' Connell ( 1844 ) 7 ILR 261 ).

With narration of direct speech, both styles retain punctuation inside the quotation marks, with a full stop changing into a comma if followed by explanatory text, also known as a dialogue tag.

Some fire departments also use a converted bus as a command post, while those in cold climates might retain a bus as a heated shelter at fire scenes.

BBC Text also enabled channel association, the ability for the user to retain their selected television channel visible in one section of the screen whilst viewing the text service, in contrast to Ceefax, which could only be viewed as a full-screen display, or as a semitransparent overlay ( i. e. opaque blocks of colour on top of the television channel, with the black background now transparent ; not ' translucent blocks of colour with a translucent black background ') above the television picture.

Stability of the weaponized agent ( ability of the agent to retain its infectivity and virulence after a prolonged period of storage ) may also be desirable, particularly for military applications.

The atom is also the smallest entity that can be envisaged to retain the chemical properties of the element, such as electronegativity, ionization potential, preferred oxidation state ( s ), coordination number, and preferred types of bonds to form ( e. g., metallic, ionic, covalent ).

" Bank " is also used in some parts of the world to refer to an artificial ridge of earth intended to retain the water of a river or pond.

The brightest stars, usually the stars that make up the constellation's eponymous asterism, also retain proper names, often from Arabic.

He also had to skillfully manage to retain the services of the often unruly George S. Patton, by severely reprimanding him, when Patton earlier had slapped a subordinate and then when Patton gave a grossly errant speech.

The skin is a good source of flavonoid antioxidants ( though it may also retain agricultural pesticides ).

Rothari also made the famous edict bearing his name, the Edictum Rothari, which established the laws and the customs of his people in Latin: the edict did not apply to the tributaries of the Lombards, who could retain their own laws.

The meta-language capabilities of literate programming are also claimed to facilitate thinking in general, giving a higher " bird's eye view " of the code and increasing the number of concepts the mind can successfully retain and process.

The University of Oxford also protected Wycliffe and similar academics on the grounds of academic freedom and, initially, allowed such persons to retain their positions despite their controversial views.

Because mania and hypomania have also been associated with creativity and artistic talent, it is not always the case that the clearly manic bipolar person needs or wants medical help ; such persons often either retain sufficient self-control to function normally or are unaware that they have " gone manic " severely enough to be committed or to commit themselves.

These churches also tend to retain the social activism of their evangelical forebears of the 19th century, placing particular emphasis on those teachings of scripture that teach compassion for the poor and concern for social justice.

Unlike many foods, potatoes can also be easily cooked in a microwave oven and still retain nearly all of their nutritional value, provided they are covered in ventilated plastic wrap to prevent moisture from escaping ; this method produces a meal very similar to a steamed potato, while retaining the appearance of a conventionally baked potato.

Christian traditions that retain the title of priest also retain the tradition of special liturgical vestments worn only during services.

Red – black trees are also particularly valuable in functional programming, where they are one of the most common persistent data structures, used to construct associative arrays and sets which can retain previous versions after mutations.

The Democratic position also helped to retain prohibitionists ' support by allowing prohibition to remain enacted in communities where a majority supported it.

It was also pointed out that the text of the existing platform was not provided to the delegates, making many reluctant to vote to retain the planks when the existing language wasn't provided for review.

Some modern Church uses also preserve the idea of an eight-day period, starting and finishing on the same day of the week, and retain the name " octave " for them ; for example, many churches observe an annual " Octave of Prayer for Christian Unity " on 18 – 25 January or in the week that begins with Pentecost Sunday.

Unlike the efforts of the Conservatives, the organisation of the Liberal Party had declined since 1868 and they had also failed to retain Liberal voters on the electoral register.

In Alberta, the county used to be a type of municipal status ; but this was changed to " municipal district " under the Municipal Government Act, when the County Act was repealed in the mid-1990s, at which time they were also permitted to retain the usage of county in their official names.