Thus, ATP was a simple request / response exchange, with no need to set up or tear down connections.

When a PAP connection was opened, each end sent the other an ATP request which basically meant " send me more data ".

This use of ATP provided automatic flow control ; each end could only send data to the other end if there was an outstanding ATP request to respond to.

ATP could operate in either " at-least-once " mode or " exactly-once " mode.

Theoretically, food energy could be measured in different ways, such as Gibbs free energy of combustion, or the amount of ATP generated by metabolizing the food.

Henman's next tournament was the first ATP Masters Series event of the year ; at the Indian Wells he reached the quarter-final after receiving a bye ( meaning he could skip the first round ).

If unchecked such mechanical replication could potentially consume whole ecoregions or the whole Earth ( ecophagy ), or it could simply outcompete natural lifeforms for necessary resources such as carbon, ATP, or UV light ( which some nanomotor examples run on ).

Dickinson and Purich recognized that prompt ATP hydrolysis could explain the forces achieved during actin-based motility.

In other words, thioesters could have actually played the role of ATP in a " thioester world " initially devoid of ATP.

Eventually, thioesters could have served to usher in ATP through its ability to support the formation of bonds between phosphate groups.

From August 1972 players could enter almost all the tournaments they wanted and the real open era began ( at Forest Hills they created the ATP )

Unlike ATP, it does not aim to stop trains at or before a signal that is at " danger "-it aims to stop the train before the point at which a collision with another train could occur, excluding rear-end collision with a train in front.

The Southall rail crash would not have been prevented by TPWS yet could have been prevented by ATP ( ironically fitted but not in use ), yet would almost certainly have been prevented had the AWS been working.

Peter Mitchell proposed that an electrochemical concentration gradient of protons across a membrane could be harnessed to make ATP.

He was quickly touted as the only Swede who could follow in the footsteps of Stefan Edberg and Björn Borg, and was ranked as high as World No. 4 ( which he attained in 1999 ) in the ATP Rankings, reaching the final of the Australian Open the same year.

Automatic train protection ( ATP ) could have prevented this accident.

Rodbell discovered that ATP ( adenosine triphosphate ) could reverse the binding action of glucagon to the cell receptor and thus dissociate the glucagon from the cell altogether.

He then noted that traces of GTP ( guanosine triphosphate ) could reverse the binding process almost one thousand times faster than ATP.

Mitchell realised that the movement of ions across an electrochemical membrane potential could provide the energy needed to produce ATP.

It was further demonstrated that the proton gradient generated by proteorhodopsin could be used to generate ATP.

The Tour World Championship was meant to include the top eight players on the ATP computer rankings at the end of a season, even though this could mean the exclusion of a Grand Slam champion who had not been able to earn sufficient ranking points in the rest of the year.

Dephosphorylation of the purified phosphorylated enzyme by alkaline phosphatase caused an almost complete inactivation of the enzyme activity ; but a recovery of the enzyme activity could be observed by rephosphorylation while incubating with ATP and protein kinase.

Upon investigating the phenomenon closely he determined that this process could be studied in a mixture of ATP, ascorbate, auxin, magnesium, manganese and potassium.

While ATP appears to be necessary for the occurrence of contraction, its presence and enzymatic hydrolysis of it by the muscle protein myosin are not the only criteria for contraction.

In the early 20th century, before enzymology was well understood, colloids were thought to be the key to the operation of enzymes ; i. e., the addition of small quantities of an enzyme to a quantity of water would, in some fashion yet to be specified, subtly alter the properties of the water so that it would break down the enzyme's specific substrate, such as a solution of ATPase breaking down ATP.

All organisms use this energy to produce adenosine triphosphate ( ATP ), which can then be used to energize other reactions.

The oxygen then travels through the blood stream to be dropped off at cells where it is utilized as a terminal electron acceptor in the production of ATP by the process of oxidative phosphorylation.

However, while ATP hydrolysis is required for unfolding only, it is not yet clear whether this energy may be used in the coupling of some of these steps.

Oxidized proteins, which often form large amorphous aggregates in the cell, can be degraded directly by the 20S core particle without the 19S regulatory cap and do not require ATP hydrolysis or tagging with ubiquitin.

In the N-terminal extremity of the catalytic domain there is a glycine-rich stretch of residues in the vicinity of a lysine amino acid, which has been shown to be involved in ATP binding.

Included in a number of the structural features that can be recognized in all protein tyrosine kinases are an ATP binding site, three residues that are thought to be associated with the function of the third phosphate group ( often called the gamma-phosphate group ) of an ATP molecule bound to the enzyme, and a possible catalytic site of the enzyme that is an amino acid.

Many, including seven-time Grand Slam champion John McEnroe believed Rafter to be a " one-slam wonder ", since it was only his second career ATP title.

Many observers noted that despite his lengthy layoff from competitive tournaments, Sampras still possessed many of the previous skills he had displayed while on the ATP tour, with tennis legend John McEnroe going as far as to say that Sampras would be worthy of a top five seeding at Wimbledon were he to enter the tournament.

The point on the curve where these two differing slopes meet is called the light saturation point and is where the light-dependent reactions are producing more ATP and NADPH than can be utilized by the light-independent reactions.

They allow a high-energy phosphate pool to be maintained in a concentration range, which, if it all were ATP, would create problems due to the ATP consuming reactions in these tissues.

Another instance in which negative allosteric modulation can be seen is between ATP and the enzyme Phosphofructokinase within the negative feedback loop that regulates glycolysis.

PFK can be allosterically inhibited by high levels of ATP within the cell.

Glucose is unique in that it can be used to produce ATP by all cells in both the presence and absence of molecular oxygen ( O < sub > 2 </ sub >).

The energy source can be ATP, as is the case for the Na < sup >+</ sup >- K < sup >+</ sup > ATPase.

* Cause of cramping is unknown, but may be related to elevated lactate, increased calcium signaling across the sarcoplasmic reticulum caused by membrane instability from reduced levels of ATP, or increased levels of free adenosine.

Patients with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency do not retain ribose during heavy exercise, so supplementation may be required to rebuild levels of ATP.

Although a precise mechanistic understanding has yet to be determined, it is known that Hsp70s have a high-affinity bound state to unfolded proteins when bound to ADP, and a low-affinity state when bound to ATP.