Rothkopf additionally makes the point that globalization and the Internet are accelerating the process of cultural influence.

When the DNS resolver gets a PTR ( reverse-lookup ) request, it begins by querying the root servers ( which point to The American Registry For Internet Numbers ' ( ARIN's ) servers for the < tt > 208. in-addr. arpa </ tt > zone ).

In the case of most home users, the Internet service provider to which the machine connects will usually supply this DNS server: such a user will either have configured that server's address manually or allowed DHCP to set it ; however, where systems administrators have configured systems to use their own DNS servers, their DNS resolvers point to separately maintained nameservers of the organization.

In the past much Internet traffic was routed through the U. S. and the UK, but this has changed ; for example, in 2000, 95 % of intra-German Internet communications was routed via the DE-CIX Internet exchange point in Frankfurt.

( The klic. org domain expired and was replaced by a gift company some time between 2010 and 2012 ; the above link has been adjusted to point to the most recent copy at the Internet Archive.

As a point of reference, the Millennium Development Goal for least developed countries by 2015 is 8. 16 Internet users per 100 population.

Critics point out that P2P networking has legitimate uses, and that this is another way that large providers are trying to control use and content on the Internet, and direct people towards a client-server-based application architecture.

While this configuration requires minimal hardware, it is entirely dependent on a single point of failure: the Internet connection.

A wireless local area network ( WLAN ) links two or more devices over a short distance using a wireless distribution method, usually providing a connection through an access point for Internet access.

Wireless networks are simple and require as few as one single wireless access point connected directly to the Internet via a router.

* Internet exchange point ( IX ), physical infrastructure connecting Internet service providers ' networks

However, most boil down to two simple components: local loop ( the cost the local incumbent charges to transport the signal from the end user's central office, otherwise known as a CO, to the point of presence, otherwise known as a POP, of the carrier ) and the port ( the cost to access the telephone network or the Internet through the carrier's network ).

* Internet exchange point

The first Internet exchange point was the Commercial Internet Exchange ( CIX ), formed by Alternet / UUNET ( now Verizon Business ), PSI, and CERFNET to exchange traffic without regard for whether the traffic complied with the acceptable use policy ( AUP ) of the NSFNet or ANS ' interconnection policy .< REF > Cybertelecom :: Internet History 1990s :: CIX </ REF > The CIX infrastructure consisted of a single router, managed by PSI, and was initially located in Santa Clara, California.

Because the CIX operated at OSI layer 3, rather than OSI layer 2, and because it was not neutral, in the sense that it was operated by one of its participants rather than by all of them collectively, and it conducted lobbying activities supported by some of its participants and not by others, it would not today be considered an Internet exchange point.

Other prospective exchange point operators moved directly into offering Ethernet technology, such as gigabit Ethernet ( 1000 Mbit / s ), which quickly became the predominant choice for Internet exchange points due to the reduced cost and increased capacity offered.

Hot-potato or nearest-exit routing, which is typically the normal behavior on the Internet, is where traffic destined to another network is delivered to the closest interconnection point.

In the ICAIS debate, countries underserved by Internet backbones have complained that it is unfair that they must pay the full cost of connecting to an Internet exchange point in a different country, frequently the United States.

# REDIRECT Internet exchange point

The majority of traditional newspaper comic strips have some Internet presence.

It is not dependent on any plugins and relies on presence of alternative Vector Graphics format VML in Internet Explorer.

* SVG Web is a JavaScript library for Web developers, targeted at Internet Explorer and dependent on the presence of an installed Adobe Flash plugin on the client machine.

* Webminister: Derived from webmaster, this officer is in charge of maintaining the Internet presence of the group.

* Internet marketing specialists, to help maintain web presence through strategic solutions on targeting viewers to the site, by using marketing and promotional techniques on the internet.

Originally based in Dallas, Texas, the Church of the SubGenius gained prominence in the 1980s and 1990s and maintains an active presence on the Internet.

Webometrics University Rankings, which ranks universities on their presence on the Internet, ranks the University of Calgary 70th in the USA and Canada category and 93rd in the world.

By the late 1990s, Radiohead and their fans had a large Internet presence.

They have maintained a continuous and active presence on the Internet through their official website since 1996.

He is a highly regarded space enthusiast, and is a familiar and respected presence on several space forums on Usenet and the Internet.

She was paid to lobby the US Legislature and was a regular presence on behalf of the her employers in the Recording Industry at a time against proponents of file-sharing and new Internet technologies.

Universal Plug and Play ( UPnP ) is a set of networking protocols that permits networked devices, such as personal computers, printers, Internet gateways, Wi-Fi access points and mobile devices to seamlessly discover each other's presence on the network and establish functional network services for data sharing, communications, and entertainment.

The Simple Service Discovery Protocol ( SSDP ) is a network protocol based on the Internet Protocol Suite for advertisement and discovery of network services and presence information.

: The Internet Engineering Task Force has formalized XMPP as an approved instant messaging and presence technology under the name of XMPP ( the latest specifications are RFC 6120 and RFC 6121 ).

* Institute for Global Communications, an institution that provides Internet presence for groups deemed " progressive "

Powell's established its Internet presence in 1993, beginning with email and FTP-based access to its technical bookstore ; it has since expanded to incorporate fiction and other genres as a traditional ecommerce site.

Lower numbers generally indicate a longer established presence on the Internet.

It introduced the concept of Internet Protocol " presence management " or being able to detect device connectivity to the Internet and contact recipient " availability " status to exchange real-time messages, as well as personalized " Buddy list " directories to allow only people you knew to find out your status and initiate a real-time text messaging exchange with you.

Two members of that original Internet presence, Matthew Walcoff and Matt Herman, began a non-profit organization out of that mailing list known as ASFAR.

Subsequent semesters saw the broadening of our “ web presence ,” the increasing availability of the Internet and e-mail to our students, and the use of our site to inform, educate, and integrate all the members of our community.

Mute was one of the first British record labels to have an Internet presence, entitled Mute Liberation Technologies.

The Internet is an essential tool of amateur astronomers.

With the development of fast Internet in the last part of the 20th century along with advances in computer controlled telescope mounts and CCD cameras ' Remote Telescope ' astronomy is now a viable means for amateur astronomers not aligned with major telescope facilities to partake in research and deep sky imaging.

The digital data collected by the telescope is then transmitted and displayed to the user by means of the Internet.

An example of a digital remote telescope operation for public use via the Internet is the The Bareket Observatory.

A relatively recent role for amateur astronomers is searching for overlooked phenomena ( e. g., Kreutz Sungrazers ) in the vast libraries of digital images and other data captured by Earth and space based observatories, much of which is available over the Internet.

Australian English ( AusE, AuE, AusEng, en-AU < ref > is the language code for Australian English, as defined by ISO standards ( see ISO 639-1 and ISO 3166-1 alpha-2 ) and Internet standards ( see IETF language tag ).</ ref >) is a major variety of the English language and is used throughout Australia.

* ram – a text file that contains a link to the Internet address where the RealAudio file is stored.

The vast array of material on spiritual movements, anarchism, libertarian socialism and the Green Movement that is now available on the Internet has been perhaps more influential than any printed book.

The American Registry for Internet Numbers ( ARIN ) is the Regional Internet Registry ( RIR ) for Canada, many Caribbean and North Atlantic islands, and the United States.

ARIN is one of five Regional Internet Registries ( RIRs ) in the world.

Membership is not required to participate in ARIN ’ s policy development process or to apply for Internet number resources.

Many file archivers employ archive formats that provide lossless data compression to reduce the size of the archive which is often useful for transferring a large number of individual files over a high latency network like the Internet.

The President of the ACM for 2012 – 2014 is Vint Cerf, an American computer scientist, who is recognized as one of " the fathers of the Internet ".

Today, Internet forums occupy much of the same social and technological space as BBSes did, and the term BBS is often used to refer to any online forum or message board.

The " Belarusian Internet " is widely called ByNet ( Байнет ) ( as an analogue of Runet ).

Internet access in Belarus is predominantly urban, with 60 percent of users living in the capital Minsk.

The profile of the average Internet user is male, university educated, living in the capital, and working in a state enterprise.

Russian is the most widely used language by Belarusians on the Internet, followed by Belarusian, English, and Polish.

Internet access is limited and expensive though telephone service is good.