His epistemology can be regarded as primitive materialist empiricism ; he believed that human cognition ought to be based on one's perceptions – one's sensory experiences, such as sight and hearing – instead of imagination or internal logic, elements founded on the human capacity for abstraction.

This tendency effected the narrowing field of artistic possibility to such forms of art as Arabesque, mosaic, Islamic calligraphy, and Islamic architecture, as well as any form of abstraction that can claim the status of non-representational art.

An abstraction can thus encapsulate each of these levels of detail with no loss of generality.

Abstractions sometimes have ambiguous referents ; for example, " happiness " ( when used as an abstraction ) can refer to as many things as there are people and events or states of being which make them happy.

The main disadvantage of abstraction is that highly abstract concepts are more difficult to learn, and require a degree of mathematical maturity and experience before they can be assimilated.

In music, the term abstraction can be used to describe improvisatory approaches to interpretation, and may sometimes indicate abandonment of tonality.

Sometimes, a disk operating system can refer to the entire operating system if it is loaded off a disk and supports the abstraction and management of disk devices.

Hence a grapheme can be regarded as an abstraction of a collection of glyphs that are all semantically equivalent.

For example, switching back to our correct notion of substitution, in the lambda abstraction can be renamed with a fresh variable, to obtain, and the meaning of the function is preserved by substitution.

Abstract concepts such as ' animal ' can be further integrated, via " abstraction from abstractions ", into such concepts as ' living thing.

* Adeos is a hardware abstraction layer that can be loaded as a Kernel Module in Linux.

* Bridge decouples an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently.

It provides an abstraction of entities that can provide and accept services through well-defined named interfaces called ports.

They have abandoned Basic Law V in favour of abstraction principles such as Hume's principle ( the number of objects falling under the concept F equals the number of objects falling under the concept G if and only if the extension of F and the extension of G can be put into one-to-one correspondence ).

A weir ( also sometimes called an overflow dam ) is a type of small overflow dam that is often used within a river channel to create an impoundment lake for water abstraction purposes and which can also be used for flow measurement or retardation.

Abstract games cannot be completely divided from simulations and so games can be thought of as existing on a continuum of almost pure abstraction ( like Abalone ) to almost pure simulation ( like Strat-o-Matic Baseball ).

Content-centric middleware provides a simple provide / consume abstraction through which applications can issue requests for uniquely identified content, without worrying about where or how it is obtained.

This level of abstraction means that database vendors can be switched without it affecting the developer's code.

A system can have several abstraction layers whereby different meanings and amounts of detail are exposed to the programmer.

In computer programming, abstraction can apply to control or to data: Control abstraction is the abstraction of actions while data abstraction is that of data structures.

Furthermore, the exchange would not be expected to be sensitive to trace amounts of impurities because it would not be apt to be a chain reaction since the activation energy for abstraction of chlorine by a chlorine atom would be expected to be too high ; ;

Further, the objection maintains that Red cannot be distilled from an apple because Red is an abstraction from other experiences and not an innate property an apple might contain.

Combustion of hydrocarbons is thought to be initiated by hydrogen atom abstraction ( not proton abstraction ) from the fuel to oxygen, to give a hydroperoxide radical ( HOO ).

The thing being given may be a tangible object, such as " a book " or " a pen ", or it may be an intangible abstraction, such as " an answer " or " help ".

and with that part, an abstraction may be formed:

Then, the definition of a square may be recast with that abstraction as its genus:

Then, the definition of a square may be recast with that abstraction as its genus:

The abstraction provided by group actions is a powerful one, because it allows geometrical ideas to be applied to more abstract objects.

This is a kind of abstraction — in most cases the angle of view is such that the person's reflection should not be visible.

There is no mind-matter duality in this ontology, because " mind " is simply seen as an abstraction from an occasion of experience which has also a material aspect, which is of course simply another abstraction from it ; thus the mental aspect and the material aspect are abstractions from one and the same concrete occasion of experience.

Workflow may be seen as any abstraction of real work.

However, his rejection of the expressive brushwork employed by other abstract expressionists such as Clyfford Still and Mark Rothko, and his use of hard-edged areas of flat color, can be seen as a precursor to post painterly abstraction and the minimalist works of artists such as Frank Stella.

The world was seen as an abstraction, as Ernst Mach implied.

A steep rise in abstraction was seen mid 20th century.

Program generation tends to focus on automating the repetition seen in the first example, when a better approach is perhaps to find a higher-order abstraction, which is multiplication in this case.

Although the principle of abstraction can be seen as overly technical to be contradicting the usual common-sense interpretation of commercial transactions, it is undisputed among the German legal community.

His concise wit, sharp focus, and sense of abstraction make them interesting reading even for those who have not seen his paintings.

Though the phrase is mostly used in computer science, it could be an abstraction of the observation seen when cattle are released from a shed or when wildebeest are crossing the Mara River.

Workflow may be seen as any abstraction of real work, segregated in workshare, work split or whatever types of ordering.

The miniatures have moved further from classical style than those in the Greek manuscripts, with " a linear style which not only flattens the figure, but begins to develop a rhythmic quality in the linear design which must be seen as the beginning of a process of intentional abstraction ".

However, geometric abstraction cannot only be seen as an invention of 20th century avant-garde artists or movements.

#: Some critics suggest that, like Gretchen, Mephistopheles can be seen as an abstraction — in this case, one of the destructive aspects of Faust's character, with Faust mocking his humanity by taking on Mephistopheles ' character.