A substantial increase is estimated in the cost of operating additional communications systems in the air defense program, as well as in all programs where speed and security of communications are essential.

Meanwhile, other air defense forces are being made effective, as described later in this message.

Surface forces have been used to provide defense zones around naval and merchant ship formations, air to furnish area surveillance, and mines for protection of limited areas.

An anti-aircraft vehicle, also known as a self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ( SPAA ) or self-propelled air defense system ( SPAD ), is a mobile vehicle with a dedicated anti-aircraft capability.

An anti-aircraft vehicle, also known as a self-propelled anti-aircraft weapon ( SPAA ) or self-propelled air defense system ( SPAD ), is a mobile vehicle with a dedicated anti-aircraft capability.

Iran announced in 2012 the construction of the largest air defense site in the southern Iranian city of Abadeh.

The Sparrow was used as the basis for a surface-to-air missile, the RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, which is used by the United States Navy for air defense of its ships.

The AIM-54 Phoenix, developed for F-111B fleet air defense fighter, had an airframe with 4 cruciform fins that was a scaled-up version of the AIM-47.

Much of the air defense system is integrated into the Russian defense network, and in 2006 the two nations signed an agreement on the creation of a unified air defense system.

According to the document the military of the Republic of Bulgaria should include two mechanized brigades, four regiments ( Logistics, Artillery, Engineering, SpecOps ), four battalions ( Reconnaissance, Mechanized, NBC, PsyOps ) in the Land Forces ; Fighter base, helicopter base, SAM air defense brigade and Air force training base in the Air Force ; and two naval bases in the Navy.

The First Military Region controlled the concentration of forces in and around Abidjan, its principal units there being a rapid intervention battalion ( airborne ), an infantry battalion, an armored battalion, and an air defense artillery battalion.

A defense treaty with France provides naval resources for protection of territorial waters, training of Comorian military personnel, and air surveillance.

As demonstrated in Operation Odyssey Dawn and prior conflicts, cruise missiles are much more difficult to detect and intercept than other aerial assets, suiting them to attacks against static air defense systems.

From 1976 to 1981, DARPA's major thrusts were dominated by air, land, sea, and space technology, tactical armor and anti-armor programs, infrared sensing for space-based surveillance, high-energy laser technology for space-based missile defense, antisubmarine warfare, advanced cruise missiles, advanced aircraft, and defense applications of advanced computing.

The Egyptian Air Defense Command or ADF ( Quwwat El Diffaa El Gawwi in Arabic ) is Egypt's military command responsible for air defense.

Egypt patterned its Air Defense Force ( ADF ) after the Soviet Anti-Air Defenses, which integrated all its air defense capabilities – antiaircraft guns, rocket and missile units, interceptor planes, and radar and warning installations.

Because of the importance of air superiority, since the dawn of aerial combat armed forces have constantly competed to develop technologically superior fighters and to deploy these fighters in greater numbers, and fielding a viable fighter fleet consumes a substantial proportion of the defense budgets of modern armed forces.

Given limited defense budgets, air forces tended to be conservative in their aircraft purchases, and biplanes remained popular with pilots because of their agility, and remained in service long after they had ceased to be competitive.

Flakturm on the Heiligengeistfeld in Hamburg-one of four enormous fortress-like bunkers which were made of reinforced concrete, built between 1942 and 1944 and equipped with anti-aircraft artillery for air defense

Engines for scale-model aeroplanes use a variant of the Diesel principle but premix fuel and air via a carburation system external to the combustion chambers.

While they suggest covering just a channel access method ( namely a variant of CDMA ), they are actually the common names for the whole air interface standards.

The Harrier II / AV-8 will be replaced in the air arms of the US and UK by a STOVL variant of the Lockheed Martin F-35 Lightning II.

This incident has a variant: some sources purport that it was the Princesse de Lamballe who lost consciousness, and to prevent the queen from doing the same, the king himself – rather unusually – let in some air by tearing off the tapes that sealed the windows.

They have provided one variant to the Australian air force and another to the UK's Royal Air Force via the AirTanker company.

The ADV variant of the Panavia Tornado was eventually introduced into this role in the 1980s, and continued to serve in this role until replaced with a multirole design, the Eurofighter Typhoon, which is an air superiority fighter and also an attack aircraft.

Most large fires easily create their own circulation, even in unfavorable conditions, but the variant log-cabin fire-build suffers from a chronic lack of air so long as the initial structure is maintained.

The last variant, PZL P. 24, developed after Puławski's death in an air crash, was exported to four countries.

The alien limb in the posterior variant of the syndrome may be seen to ' levitate ' upward into the air and away from contact surfaces.

This particular variant was popular with helicopter warfare, and were used as improvised anti-personnel cluster bombs during air raids.

* Electronic Air Suspension, the air suspension system installed on the P38A variant of Land Rover's Range Rover

" Although initially interested in developing a suppression of enemy air defence variant of Meteor as a successor to HARM, Boeing has become less and less an active partner as development has progressed, possibly having served their political purpose.

However, starting with the Boeing 737 – 400 variant, Boeing redesigned the system to use bleed air from both engines.

: Two squadrons equipped with the most modern Block 50 F-16 variant and dedicated to the suppression of enemy air defenses.

In European NATO air forces, the SEAD mission falls mostly to Royal Air Force Tornado GR. 4s, Luftwaffe Tornado Electronic Combat and Reconnaissance variant ( ECR ), and Aeronautica Militare ( AMI ) Tornado ECRs.

* SL: entry-level variant, with no air conditioning or power steering, though it is possible to find some with dealer-fitted air conditioning.

This anatomical variant is sometimes mistaken for the more serious condition of having air under the diaphragm ( pneumoperitoneum ) which is usually an indication of bowel perforation, possibly leading to unnecessary surgical interventions.

Meanwhile, the decision had been made by OPNAV to retire the A-6 altogether and allow the F-14 Block 1 Strike variant to take over as the precision strike platform for the air wing.

Molten iron for this foundry work was not only produced from the blast furnaces, but also by remelting pig iron in air furnaces, a variant of the reverberatory furnace.

Another variant of the Corona Exsior was the LE, which had genuine leather seats, faux dash wood panel, and electronic air purifier / ionizer as standard equipment.

Stormer is a close air defence variant of the CVR ( T ) family utilizing the Starstreak missile system.

Entering service with the People's Liberation Army Air Force ( PLAAF ) in the late 1970s, its main mission as a target drone was soon supplemented by a variant to the reconnaissance role, the CK-1A, which had underwing pods for additional equipment used in collecting air samples from Chinese nuclear tests, replacing crewed aircraft in this role.

** CK-1B: low altitude variant for assessing air defense systems