* Protected self-insurance is an alternative risk financing mechanism in which an organization retains the mathematically calculated cost of risk within the organization and transfers the catastrophic risk with specific and aggregate limits to an insurer so the maximum total cost of the program is known.

A specialized alternative involves the generation of optimized code for quantities defined mathematically within a Computer algebra system ( CAS ).

They were defined by George Gabriel Stokes in 1852, as a mathematically convenient alternative to the more common description of incoherent or partially polarized radiation in terms of its total intensity ( I ), ( fractional ) degree of polarization ( p ), and the shape parameters of the polarization ellipse.

Low cost, availability, and portability are cited by practitioners as qualities which make this common writing tool a convenient, alternative art supply.

Since the mid-nineteenth century, it has also become common practice for Acts to have a short title, as a convenient alternative to the sometimes lengthy main titles.

Among these was Idora Park, an amusement park that served as a convenient alternative for residents who preferred not to travel to larger parks in Northern Ohio and Western Pennsylvania.

Around 1985, Hudson Soft released the credit card-sized BeeCard, which was meant as a cheaper and more convenient alternative to ROM cartridges.

The introduction of pantyhose in 1959 provided a convenient alternative to stockings, and the use of stockings declined dramatically.

Mostly considered to be a woman's and girl's garment, pantyhose appeared in the 1960s, and they provided a convenient alternative to stockings.

In addition, the airport serves travelers from the Greater New York Metropolitan Area and around the nation who want a more convenient alternative to the congestion at JFK and LaGuardia airports – both located in Queens.

Garlic presses present a convenient alternative to mincing garlic with a knife, especially because a clove of garlic can be passed through a sturdy press without even removing its peel.

It developed as a convenient undergarment ( or alternative to a cassock at the Eucharist ) worn by clergy and as an alternative to the alb for deacons and acolytes.

Now the Seikan Tunnel provides a convenient but more expensive alternative and approximately halves the travel time in comparison to ferrying.

In the United Kingdom, for example, near-patient testing is used both by patients at home, and by some anticoagulation clinics ( often hospital-based ) as a fast and convenient alternative to the lab method.

Encircling the centre of Beijing, the 2nd Ring Road ( 二环路, èr huán lù ) is just a few kilometres away from the city centre and is a convenient alternative road to avoid congestion there.

In this role, they were supposed to be a more convenient alternative to the standard assault rifle, as their smaller size and lighter weight would be less of an encumbrance to a person whose primary function on the battlefield was not frontline fighting.

For large samples such as the example below, the binomial distribution is well approximated by convenient continuous distributions, and these are used as the basis for alternative tests that are much quicker to compute, Pearson's chi-squared test and the G-test.

If, on the other hand, the alternative court has reasonably concluded that there was no more convenient forum, comity requires it to respect the decision of the court that has already assumed jurisdiction and dismiss the application for an injunction and transfer.

In programming languages that support them, properties offer a convenient alternative without giving up the utility of encapsulation.

The route is a convenient alternative to the Antelope Valley Freeway ( State Route 14 ) and the Golden State Freeway ( Interstate 5 ), both located to the west, to reach the Foothill Freeway ( Interstate 210 ).

They are used as a safer, less expensive, and more convenient alternative to tanks of compressed oxygen.

An alternative description of the E < sub > 8 </ sub > lattice which is sometimes convenient is the set of all points in Γ ′< sub > 8 </ sub > ⊂ R < sup > 8 </ sup > such that

The buses featured many routes, a low-cost alternative to rail that was quicker and more convenient, but was also more expensive.

Wakefern defined PriceRite as a “ mini-club ”, and at under., promoted it as a convenient alternative to the massive conventional clubs.

Mr. Mooney promoted the Knolls as a wholesome and convenient alternative to living in New York City and advertised the area in a nominal publication called Mooney's Megaphone in the New York Herald Tribune.

We note that an inverse system in a category C admits an alternative description in terms of functors.

Given a simple mathematical or functional description of an input or output to a system, the Laplace transform provides an alternative functional description that often simplifies the process of analyzing the behavior of the system, or in synthesizing a new system based on a set of specifications.

Most programming languages describe computation in an imperative style, i. e., as a sequence of commands, although some languages, such as those that support functional programming or logic programming, use alternative forms of description.

Ewart Oakeshott has proposed an alternative description of the weapon as a crescent shaped socketed axe.

An alternative description of God is that he is not " timeless ," but that he does have successive thoughts, feelings, decisions, and so forth.

An alternative description is to view the enthalpy of condensation as the heat which must be released to the surroundings to compensate for the drop in entropy when a gas condenses to a liquid.

Therefore, an alternative description is that the amine gives away one electron to the oxygen atom, which is then used, with the remaining unpaired electron on the nitrogen atom, to form a standard covalent bond.

An alternative description for backward short leg.

* Official Crisis on Infinite Earths Index ( March 1986 ) was released as a one-shot publication providing a detailed description of each issue in the series, a list of alternative Earths, and a history of the Multiverse concept.

The algorithms ' or rules ' description need only be included when there are several alternative ways to transform one type of input into one type of output – possibly with different accuracy, speed, etc.

An alternative, equivalent, description of the solar analemma is as a graph of the Sun's declination plotted against the equation of time.

A sea called The Ocean of Death is added, together with The Islands of Mist which, from the description, appears to be an alternative name for the Dalek Book's Forbidden Islands.

Although this definition implies a series of identical temporal waveforms, it is more helpful to define the SSEP in terms of the frequency components that are an alternative description of the time-domain waveform, because different frequency components can have quite different properties For example, the properties of the high-frequency flicker SSEP ( whose peak amplitude is near 40 – 50 Hz ) correspond to the properties of the subsequently discovered magnocellular neurons in the retina of the macaque monkey, while the properties of the medium-frequency flicker SSEP ( whose amplitude peak is near 15 – 20 Hz ) correspond to the properties of parvocellular neurons.

An alternative description of different approaches to the study of human economic activity can be organized around spatiotemporal analysis, analysis of production / consumption of economic items, and analysis of economic flow.

This allows an alternative description of all magnetization phenomena in terms of the quantities I and B, as opposed to the commonly used M and H.

According to the category description guide for the 52nd Grammy Awards, the award is presented to " vocal or instrumental alternative music albums containing at least 51 % playing time of newly recorded music ", defining " alternative " as a " non-traditional " genre that exists " outside of the mainstream music consciousness ".

Neve Gordon writes that al-Husseini regard all alternative nationalist views as treasonous, opponents became traitors and collaborators, and patronizing or employing Jews of any description illegitimate.

We note that a direct system in a category admits an alternative description in terms of functors.

In more recent years it has become common practice to present the trade-offs as a choice exercise ( where the respondent simply chooses the most preferred alternative from a selection of competing alternatives-particularly common when simulating consumer choices ) or as a constant sum allocation exercise ( particularly common in pharmaceutical market research, where physicians indicate likely shares of prescribing, and each alternative in the trade-off is the description a real or hypothetical therapy ).

* Minimum description length — a supposedly non-Bayesian alternative with a possibly different motivation, which was introduced 10 years later — for comparisons, see, e. g., ( sec.

* Fuzzball ( string theory ), an alternative quantum description of black holes