The five-kingdom system has largely been superseded by modern alternative classification systems.

An alternative classification, introduced by B. Gladman, B. Marsden and C. VanLaerhoven in 2007, uses 10 million years orbit integration instead of the Tisserand parameter.

More recently, an alternative classification system called GRAFS ( Glutamate, Rhodopsin, Adhesion, Frizzled / Taste2, Secretin ) has been proposed.

Other classification schemes may be used in non-western cultures, for example the Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders, and other manuals may be used by those of alternative theoretical persuasions, for example the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual.

However, the classification of the ratites as a single order has always been questioned, with the alternative classification restricting the Struthioniformes to the Ostrich lineage and elevating the other groups.

A recent alternative classification is into obstructional, developmental, and contractional unemployment.

For more detail and an alternative classification scheme, see Caprimulgiformes and Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy.

The classification of tribes or subfamilies within Bovidae is still a matter of debate, with several alternative systems proposed.

While gaits can be classified by footfall, new work involving whole-body kinematics and force-plate records has given rise to an alternative classification scheme, based on the mechanics of the movement.

This makes the use of this naming system a problematic basis for theory ; thus the alternative classification systems.

As an alternative to the American Lakes-Butler classification, in the early 1970s, Karl Lennert of Kiel, Germany, proposed a new system of classifying lymphomas based on cellular morphology and their relationship to cells of the normal peripheral lymphoid system.

See Sibley-Ahlquist taxonomy for an alternative classification.

" In the United Kingdom, the Official Chart Company defines a boundary between EP and album classification at 25 minutes of length or four tracks ( not counting alternative versions of featured songs, if present ).

Using an alternative scheme of classification, linguist Michael E. Krauss defines languages as " safe " if it is considered that children will probably be speaking them in 100 years ; " endangered " if children will probably not be speaking them in 100 years ( approximately 60-80 % of languages fall into this category ); and " moribund " if children are not speaking them now.

Two alternative general classification schemes were recently published by Krot et al.

Traditional classification of basic types of alternative RNA splicing events.

The alternative classification in more common use is to unite all bees under the name Anthophila ( Engel, 2005 ), which is equivalent to the obsolete name Apiformes ( which meant bee-like forms in Latin ).

In the appendix to Handbook I, there is a definition of knowledge which serves as the apex for an alternative, summary classification of the educational goals.

An alternative classification proposed by Myers & Lowry in 2003 moved some families from Gammaridea and united them with the Caprellidea to form a larger Corophiidea.

In the alternative classification system proposed by Cavalier-Smith, this taxa is instead a class in the Sphingobacteria phylum.

The analysis will be written to a defined classification level with alternative versions potentially available at a number of classification levels for further dissemination.

* Lobo, an alternative name for Zambo in the racial classification of colonial Mexico

The term " ethnic cleansing " was used as an alternative to " genocide " to denote not just ethnically motivated murder but also displacement, though critics charge there is no difference.

The situation is complex, however, because the relatively free Russian media is allowed to transmit television programming, sell newspapers and conduct journalistic activities in Belarus ( though some Russian journalists have been expelled by the Belarusian government ) thus giving some members of the public, typically those in large cities with many Russian residents, access to an alternative point of view in the Russian language ( nearly all Belarusians understand and most of them speak Russian ).

Even though most proposals call for payments of less than the full amount of the debt owing, in most cases, the creditors will accept the deal, because if they do not, the next alternative may be personal bankruptcy, where the creditors will get even less money.

In an alternative version, she spent a night at Apollo's temple, at which time the temple snakes licked her ears clean so that she was able to hear the future ( this is a recurring theme in Greek mythology, though sometimes it brings an ability to understand the language of animals rather than an ability to know the future ).

On the Nature of Animals, (" On the Characteristics of Animals " is an alternative title ; usually cited, though, by its Latin title ), is a curious collection, in 17 books, of brief stories of natural history, sometimes selected with an eye to conveying allegorical moral lessons, sometimes because they are just so astonishing:

Some critics have suggested that unlike CCM and older Christian rock, Christian alternative rock generally emphasizes musical style over lyrical content as a defining genre characteristic, though the degree to which the faith appears in the music varies from artist to artist.

Kurt Schneider criticized Kraepelin's nosology for appearing to be a list of behaviors that he considered undesirable, rather than medical conditions, though Schneider's alternative version has also been criticised on the same basis.

In this article " free market " is largely identified with laissez faire, and competitive markets, though alternative senses are discussed in this section and in criticism.

Eurogame is a common, though still imprecise, alternative label.

Some forms rather more familiar to Modern Japanese speakers begin to appear – the continuative ending-te begins to reduce onto the verb ( e. g. yonde for earlier yomite ), the-k-in the final syllable of adjectives drops out ( shiroi for earlier shiroki ); and some forms exist where modern standard Japanese has retained the earlier form ( e. g. hayaku > hayau > hayɔɔ, where modern Japanese just has hayaku, though the alternative form is preserved in the standard greeting o-hayō gozaimasu " good morning "; this ending is also seen in o-medetō " congratulations ", from medetaku ).

Jericho's name in Hebrew,, is thought to derive from Canaanite word Reaẖ, though an alternative theory holds that it is derived from the word meaning " moon " ( Yareaẖ ) in Canaanite, since the city was an early centre of worship for lunar deities.

Gandhi called on the British to leave India ; Nehru, though reluctant to embarrass the allied war effort, had no alternative but to join Gandhi.

He criticised the theory of evolution, though he didn't propose theistic creationism as an alternative.

This concludes the Greek Epic Cycle, though fragments remain of the " alternative ending " of sorts known as the Telegony.

Sigmund Freud, the novelist Marjorie Bowen, and several 20th-century celebrities found the thesis persuasive, and Oxford soon overtook Bacon as the favoured alternative candidate to Shakespeare, though academic Shakespeareans mostly ridiculed or ignored the claims.

Today the practice of alternative cuts is more commonplace, though often as a way to make a film stand out in the DVD marketplace by adding new material.

However, some UU congregations have grown to appreciate alternative terms such as fellowship and retained them even though they have grown much larger or lost features sometimes associated with their use ( such as, in the case of fellowships, a traditionally lay-led worship model ).

It galvanized Paley and his troops, though: they " had no alternative but to turn the network around and earn the $ 2, 000, 000 in two years ....

Air-layering, or marcotting, is an alternative, though not preferred, method, because of its low ( 35-40 %) success rate.

Psychologist Nicholas Spanos and others have suggested that in addition to iatrogenesis, DID may be the result of role-playing rather than alternative identities, though others disagree, pointing to a lack of incentive to manufacture or maintain separate identities and point to the claimed histories of abuse.

The grain size of a rock is usually expressed with the Wentworth scale, though alternative scales are used sometimes.

An alternative philosophy suggests that the term Homo sapiens is the misnomer rather, and that humans should be reclassified as Pan sapiens, though this would violate the Principle of Priority, as Homo was named before Pan ( 1758 for the former, 1816 for the latter ).

The term is not particularly current in modern contexts because the region does not exactly correspond to the sovereign states of the Netherlands, Belgium and Luxembourg, for which an alternative term, Benelux, was employed after the Second World War, though only to describe them as a trading union.

Dial-up access may also be an alternative for users on limited budgets, as it is offered free by some ISPs, though broadband is increasingly available at lower prices in many countries due to market competition.