The theory that they were defensive military structures is not accepted by many modern archaeologists ( see the ' general references ' below ), while the alternative notion that they were farmhouses is dismissed by some others.

Filters were introduced by Henri Cartan in 1937 and subsequently used by Bourbaki in their book Topologie Générale as an alternative to the similar notion of a net developed in 1922 by E. H. Moore and H. L. Smith.

This argument resonates with a notion of the fine-tuned Universe, understood as an alternative to the anthropic principle.

He defends an interesting and sophisticated system of vague semantics, based on the notion that a vague predicate might be " made precise " in many alternative ways.

There is an alternative notion of three in the Zohar that are One, " Israel, the Torah and the Holy One Blessed Be He are One.

Plotinus offers an alternative to the orthodox Christian notion of creation ex nihilo ( out of nothing ), which attributes to God the deliberation of mind and action of a will, although Plotinus never mentions Christianity in any of his works.

A common alternative notation is and for positive semidefinite and positive definite matrices, respectively .</ ref > The notion comes from functional analysis where positive-semidefinite matrices define positive operators.

In modern cognitive psychology, many researchers have sought to strip the notion of the unconscious from its Freudian heritage, and alternative terms such as " implicit " or " automatic " have come into currency.

In the best-seller Freakonomics, economist Steven D. Levitt and co-author Stephen J. Dubner both confirm and cast doubt on the notion that the broken windows theory was responsible for New York's drop in crime, arguing " the reality that the pool of potential criminals had dramatically shrunk ", an alternative that Levitt had attributed in the Quarterly Journal of Economics to the legalization of abortion with Roe v. Wade, a decrease in the number of delinquents in the population-at-large one generation later.

In the second book, Warrant and Proper Function, he introduces the notion of warrant as an alternative to justification and discusses topics like self-knowledge, memories, perception, and probability.

Precrime is based on the notion that once one unpleasant future pathway is identified, an alternative, better one can be created with the arrest of the intended perpetrator.

Jerzy Neyman and Egon Pearson formalized the notion of the alternative.

This notion of functional alternative is important because it alerts sociologists to the similar functions different institutions may perform and it further reduces the tendency of functionalism to imply approval of the status quo.

In packet-switched computer networks and other statistical multiplexing, the notion of a scheduling algorithm is used as an alternative to first-come first-served queuing of data packets.

α-indescribability implies that α < κ, but there is an alternative notion that makes sense when α ≥ κ: there is λ < κ and β such that φ ( U ∩ V < sub > λ </ sub >) holds in V < sub > λ + β </ sub >.

In 1952, Wardrop stated two principles that formalize this notion of equilibrium and introduced the alternative behavior postulate of the minimization of the total travel costs.

* Introduces the notion of the Schwartz set at the end of the paper as a possible alternative to maximization, in the presence of cyclic preferences, as a standard of rational choice.

To be sure, the notion of pursuing alternative solutions is not yet politically correct, and therefore no official Jordanian or Palestinian support could be given to such efforts at the moment.

It is important to note that the crux of Kane's position is grounded not in a defense of alternative possibilities ( AP ) but in the notion of what Kane refers to as ultimate responsibility ( UR ).

An alternative hypothesis maintains that the notion of symbolizing sovereign and state in the form of a dragon emerged in neighboring China and was adopted by the rulers of Bhutan as a symbol of royalty in the early 20th century.

It is important to note that the crux of Kane's position is grounded not in a defense of alternative possibilities ( AP ) but in the notion of what Kane refers to as ultimate responsibility ( UR ).

It rejected the notion of merging indigenous funding into funding for Australians generally as ' tried and failed ', but had not announced its alternative proposals.

The modernist notion of function as a carte blanche " by Jan Michl ( an alternative history and interpretation of the form-follows-function doctrine )

* An alternative model starts with the notion that any economy involves a large number of heterogeneous types of inputs, including both fixed capital equipment and labor.

Instead, he offers an alternative view, " contextual practice ," in which the notion of what is " best " will vary with the context.

An alternative to the education voucher is the education tax credit, which allows individuals to use their own money to pay for the education of their children or to donate money towards the education of other children.

An extension of this expansion is the parametrized post-Newtonian ( PPN ) formalism, which allows quantitative comparisons between the predictions of general relativity and alternative theories.

An insulin pump is an alternative to multiple daily injections of insulin by insulin syringe or an insulin pen and allows for intensive insulin therapy when used in conjunction with blood glucose monitoring and carb counting.

The USDA also allows that ' enriched macaroni products fortified with protein may be used and counted to meet either a gains / breads or meat / alternative meat requirement, but not as both components within the same meal.

Its density, similar to that of gold, allows tungsten to be used in jewelry as an alternative to gold or platinum.

This technology allows for an alternative to installing physical network mediums such as TPs, coaxes, or fiber-optics, which can also be expensive.

Although one objective of the game is to capture the King, an alternative objective allows depositing a piece in the pair of squares on the other side of the board.

When drafting his complaint, a plaintiff may be able to avoid dismissal on ripeness grounds by requesting alternative relief in the form of a declaratory judgment, which in many states and jurisdictions allows a court to declare the rights of parties under the facts as proven without actually ordering that anything be done.

The NOR type, which allows true random access and therefore direct code execution, is used as a replacement for the older EPROM and as an alternative to certain kinds of ROM applications.

Cash offers for public companies often include a " loan note alternative " that allows shareholders to take a part or all of their consideration in loan notes rather than cash.

This allows alternative sweeteners to be used in products that will not perish after a short period of time.

However, an alternative path allows for the intervening years to be only one thousand, if Seldon is allowed to collect the most intelligent minds and create a compendium of all human knowledge, entitled Encyclopedia Galactica.

It is important to understand that it is not the lack of function that allows the allele to be described as recessive: this is the interaction with the alternative allele in the heterozygote.

As an alternative to porting, cross-platform virtualization allows applications compiled for one CPU and operating system to run on a system with a different CPU and / or operating system, without modification to the source code or binaries.

For example, in ' Dadmestic ', Vincent's mother allows him to host a house party, leaving Alan with no alternative but to spend the evening at his father's house.

In July 2009 Department of Education moved towards mother-tongue based learning initially by issuing an order which allows two alternative three-year bridging plans.

This allows one to give an alternative definition of smooth manifold which makes no reference to transition maps or to a specific atlas: a smooth manifold is a diffeological space which is locally diffeomorphic to R < sup > n </ sup >.

* Sliders, where a young man invents a worm-hole generator that allows travel to " alternative " Earths.

Exiles is an offshoot of the X-Men franchsie that allows characters to hop from one alternative reality to another, leaving the original, main Marvel Universe intact.

( The Book of Common Prayer allows for an alternative to the Magnificat — the Cantate Domino, Psalm 98 — and modern Anglican rubrics generally allow for a wider selection of canticles, but the Magnificat and Nunc dimittis remain the most popular.

This allows an alternative description of all magnetization phenomena in terms of the quantities I and B, as opposed to the commonly used M and H.

An alternative treatment for obstructive hydrocephalus in selected patients is the endoscopic third ventriculostomy ( ETV ), whereby a surgically created opening in the floor of the third ventricle allows the CSF to flow directly to the basal cisterns, thereby shortcutting any obstruction, as in aqueductal stenosis.

; AF ( alternative frequencies ): This allows a receiver to re-tune to a different frequency providing the same station when the first signal becomes too weak ( e. g., when moving out of range ).

* Double Agent is an Open Source alternative to Microsoft Agent that allows Agent applications to work on Windows 7.

* Eve Online-Pressing both the left and right mouse buttons allows for an alternative method of camera control.