The first artificial canal in Christian Europe was the Fossa Carolina built at the end of the 8th century under personal supervision of Charlemagne.

* from Bluefields, up the Rio Escondido and then an artificial canal to the lake

* from Punta Gorda, up the Rio Punta Gorda and then an artificial canal to the lake

Soldiers embarked on an artificial canal between the Tigris and Euphrates.

The Grand Canal, also known as the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, is the longest canal or artificial river in the world.

It should be recognized that the Grand Canal at this time was not a continuous, man-made canal but a collection of often non-contiguous artificial cuts and canalised or natural rivers.

Besides the natural watercourses of the rivers, and the ancient but artificial broads, there is one more recent navigation canal, the lock-less Haddiscoe Cut which connects the Rivers Yare and Waveney whilst permitting boats to by-pass Breydon Water.

The canal is unusual amongst Britain's artificial waterways in having a strong ( up to 2 miles per hour ) flow.

The Canal also involved building the first artificial reservoir for feeding a canal waterway, the Bassin de St. Ferréol.

The Sankey Brook Navigation, which connected St Helens with the River Mersey, is often claimed as the first modern " purely artificial " canal because although originally a scheme to make the Sankey Brook navigable, it included an entirely new artificial channel that was effectively a canal along the Sankey Brook valley.

It is known for producing a well-regarded May Ball for a smaller college, notably creating an artificial lake and canal in 2010 to enable punting at the landlocked college.

Rubha an Dùnain, today an uninhabited peninsula to the south of the Cuillin hills on Skye, contains the small Loch na h-Airde, which is connected to the sea by a short artificial canal.

The Swiss-Austrian border follows the historical bed of the Rhine, but today the river follows an artificial canal within Austria for the final five kilometers.

In modern times artificial islands are usually formed by land reclamation, but some are formed by the incidental isolation of an existing piece of land during canal construction ( e. g. Donauinsel and Dithmarschen ), or flooding of valleys resulting in the tops of former knolls getting isolated by water ( e. g. Barro Colorado Island ).

Instead, the water is diverted into an artificial water course or canal, which may be used for irrigation or return to the river after passing through hydroelectric generators, flow into a different river or be itself dammed forming a reservoir.

* Buckingham Canal, artificial canal between Kakinada and Chennai along the Coromandel Coast

The Wabash and Erie Canal was a shipping canal that linked the Great Lakes to the Ohio River via an artificial waterway.

Riquet is the man responsible for building the 240-kilometre-long artificial waterway that links the southern coast of France to Toulouse to link to the canal / river system that ran across to the Bay of Biscay, one of the great engineering feats of the 17th century.

As the word " canal " can also mean " channel " or " watercourse " – not necessarily artificial – in English, the charge of " mistranslation " is unwarranted.

* Contour canal, an artificial water channel

He elaborated on various canal projects and other artificial water constructions.

Patterson claimed to have screened the film for unnamed technicians " in the special effects department at Universal Studios in Hollywood ... Their conclusion was: ' We could try ( faking it ), but we would have to create a completely new system of artificial muscles and find an actor who could be trained to walk like that.

However, some emulsions would never coalesce in normal gravity, while they do under artificial gravity.

Researchers such as Marvin Minsky would write computer programs in languages such as LISP to attempt to formally characterize the steps that human beings went through, for instance, in making decisions and solving problems, in the hope of better understanding human thought, and also in the hope of creating artificial minds.

To avoid debates about the possibility of in-vitro fertilization, artificial insemination, or cloning, the original Darwin Awards book applied the following " deserted island " test to potential winners: If the person were unable to reproduce when stranded on a deserted island with a fertile member of the opposite sex, he or she would be considered sterile.

This is also a popular theme in science-fiction novels and movies ; some raise the same question ( Dune's Butlerian Jihad, for example ), while others explore what the relationship between human beings and machines with artificial intelligence would be, and even whether AI is desirable.

Gilbert initially proposed a story for a new opera about a magic lozenge that would change the characters, which Sullivan found artificial and lacking in " human interest and probability ", as well as being too similar to their earlier opera, The Sorcerer.

He claimed that this approach would enable the creation of what he terms " artificial brains " which would quickly surpass human levels of intelligence.

A new artificial turf was created called " AstroTurf " and Houston would be involved in yet another change in the way the game was played.

One example would be materials designed to respond differently to various molecules ; such a capability could lead, for example, to artificial drugs which would recognize and render inert specific viruses.

In this early proposal, sufficiently capable nanorobots would construct more nanorobots in an artificial environment containing special molecular building blocks.

During the trip, artificial gravity would be generated by tethering the Habitat Unit to the spent upper stage of the booster, and setting them rotating about a common axis.

On the return trip to Earth, the propulsion stage of the Earth Return Vehicle would be used as a counterweight to generate artificial gravity for the trip back.

The original concept of natural monopoly is often attributed to John Stuart Mill, who ( writing before the marginalist revolution ) believed that prices would reflect the costs of production in absence of an artificial or natural monopoly.

These signals would be easy to recognize as artificial due to their repetitive nature and narrow bandwidths.

A statite ( a portmanteau of static and satellite ) is a hypothetical type of artificial satellite that employs a solar sail to continuously modify its orbit in ways that gravity alone would not allow.

In 1934, he participated in the discovery of the artificial radioactivity of fluorine and aluminium which would be critical in the development of the atomic bomb.

Many systems based on formant synthesis technology generate artificial, robotic-sounding speech that would never be mistaken for human speech.

Even a small addition of zinc-white ( oxide of zinc ) to the reddish varieties especially causes a considerable diminution in the intensity of the color, while dilution with artificial precipitated sulfate of lime (" annalin ") or sulfate of baryta (" blanc fix ") acts pretty much as one would expect.

Some would call this too artificial selection, not natural or ecological, as the radiation does not enter the ecology as a factor save due to man's effort.

They decided upon an artificial lighting system in which a louvered lighting panel would be set in the ceiling with metal slats to conceal the great floodlights.

Often the computer is expected to emulate a strategically thinking " side " similar to that of a human player ( such as directing armies and constructing buildings ), or emulate the " instinctive " actions of individual units that would be too tedious for a player to administer ( such as for a peasant to run away when attacked, as opposed to standing still until otherwise ordered by the player ); hence there is an emphasis on artificial intelligence.

A purely logographic script would be impractical for most languages, and none is known apart from one devised for the artificial language Toki Pona, a purposely limited language with only 120 morphemes.