Lenin's theories on the role of a communist party were developed as the early 20th-century Russian social democracy divided into Bolshevik ( meaning " majority ") and Menshevik ( meaning " minority ") factions.

Sergei Mironovich Kirov (; – 1 December 1934 ), born Sergei Mironovich Kostrikov, was a prominent early Bolshevik leader in the Soviet Union.

Feeling increasingly oppressed by life under Bolshevik rule, the family left Petrograd, on 5 October 1920, for Riga, but encounters with anti-Semitism and difficulties with the Latvian authorities convinced them to leave, and they moved to Britain in early 1921 ( Mendel in January, Isaiah and Marie at the beginning of February ), when Berlin was eleven.

When Bolshevik leaders Lev Kamenev, Joseph Stalin and Matvei Muranov returned to Petrograd from Siberian exile in early March 1917 and assumed the leadership of the Bolshevik party, they began exploring the idea of a complete re-unification of Bolsheviks and Mensheviks at the national level, which Menshevik leaders were willing to consider.

Examples include a thwarted operation to overthrow the Bolshevik government in 1918 by SIS agents Sidney George Reilly and Sir Robert Bruce Lockhart, as well as more orthodox espionage efforts within early Soviet Russia headed by Captain George Hill.

After a British garrison at Enzeli ( on the Persian Caspian coast ) was taken prisoner by Bolshevik forces on 19 May 1920, Lloyd George finally insisted on a withdrawal from Batum early in June 1920.

After a British garrison at Enzeli ( on the Persian Caspian coast ) was taken prisoner by Bolshevik forces on 19 May 1920, Lloyd George finally insisted on abandonment of Batum early in June 1920.

Such demurrals may have been self-interested, as his early poems are said to include Stalinist panegyrics, including an ode, entitled " Brygada Dzierżyńskiego " ( The Dzerzhinsky Brigade ), extolling the " acumen for vigilance " of the first Bolshevik secret-police chief, Felix Dzerzhinsky, a figure particularly notorious in the annals of totalitarian oppression and genocide.

During the early years of the Russian revolution, Pannekoek gave critical support to the Bolshevik regime, a position shared by fellow council communist Herman Gorter and Rosa Luxemburg.

Kalinin was an early and devoted adherent of the Bolshevik faction of the RSDLP, headed by Vladimir Lenin.

Mikoyan became an early convert to the Bolshevik cause.

Monument to Shahumyan in Baku, demolished in the early years of independence of Azerbaijan from Soviet Union, along with many other Bolshevik monuments.

Formerly a Colonel in the armies of Imperial Russia and the Democratic Republic of Georgia and a World War I veteran, he led, in the early 1920s, a guerrilla resistance against the Bolshevik regime established by the Soviet Russian Red Army in 1921.

The Soviet invasion early in 1921 led to the fall of independent Georgia and the establishment of the Georgian SSR ruled by a Bolshevik Revolutionary Committee ( Revkom ).

He fell out with Ulrich Graf von Brockdorff-Rantzau in early 1919 for advocating handing over Karl Radek, the Bolshevik diplomat and agitator, to the Entente following the collapse of the German Revolution.

The speeches by the student Trofimov, attacking intellectuals were later seen as early manifestations of Bolshevik ideas and his lines were often censored by the Tsarist officials.

The date 1912 is often identified as the time of the formation of a distinct party, and the history since then can roughly be divided into the following periods ; the early years of the Bolshevik Party in clandestinity and exile, the period of the October Revolution, consolidation of the party as the governing force of the Soviet Union, the Great Purge of the 1930s, Khrushchev and Brezhnev periods, the Gorbachev era of reform which eventually led to the break-up of the party in 1991.

In the early morning of August 31 a Bolshevik cavalry brigade crossed the belt of swamps to the north of the Polish positions.

The Tsar abdicated in early March and he and his family were arrested by the Bolshevik Government and were eventually murdered at Yekaterinburg on 17 July 1918.

His early death at the hands of Bolshevik forces during the Russian Civil War is still commemorated in the Crimean Tatar community.

It was the culmination of the three-year struggle against the Bolshevik regime established by the Soviet Russia ’ s Red Army during a military campaign against the Democratic Republic of Georgia in early 1921.

By the early 1920s, the Jadids finally felt comfortable navigating the channels of Bolshevik central bureaucracy, allowing them to participate in the government on a more equal standing with the Russians.

In 1919, despite suffering from tuberculosis, he volunteered for the Polish militia ( Lithuanian and Belarusian Self-Defence ) and took part in the defence of Vilnius against the Bolshevik assault in the early stages of the Polish-Bolshevik War.

Louis Lumiere worked with Victor Planchon to adapt the Lumiere " Blue Label " ( Etiquette Bleue ) photographic plate emulsion for use on celluloid roll film, which began in early 1896.

Selznick had already been unhappy with Cukor (" a very expensive luxury ") for not being more receptive to directing other Selznick assignments, even though Cukor had remained on salary since early 1937 ; and in a confidential memo written in September 1938, four months before principal photography began, Selznick flirted with the idea of replacing him with Victor Fleming.

Amadeus of Savoy, the second son of King Victor Emmanuel II of Italy, was selected and duly crowned King of Spain early the following year.

In the early 20th century, the first monster appeared in a horror film: Quasimodo, the hunchback of Notre-Dame, who had appeared in Victor Hugo's novel, Notre-Dame de Paris ( 1831 ).

S-type tonearms can be found on even the early 1925 Victor Orthophonic Victrola.

Victor showed significant early progress in understanding language and reading simple words, but failed to progress beyond a rudimentary level.

He had composed and recorded Creole Rhapsody as early as 1931 ( issued as both sides of a 12 " record for Victor and both sides of a 10 " record for Brunswick ), and his tribute to his mother, " Reminiscing in Tempo ," had filled four 10 " record sides in 1935 ; however, it was not until the 1940s that this became a regular feature of Ellington's work.

Just a few weeks later, in early 1892, Albert Victor died of pneumonia.

Alexandra's first child, Albert Victor, was born two months premature in early 1864.

One of the early female singers to use scat was Aileen Stanley who included it at the end of a duet with Billy Murray in their hit 1924 recording of " It Had To Be You "( Victor 19373 ).

Victor Feldman played the marimba on several of Steely Dan's early albums.

The term payola is a blend of the words “ pay ” and “ Victrola ”, a trade name of early home music reproduction devices from RCA Victor.

Victor Pemberton acquired the rights to Timeslip in the early 1990s, intending to produce either a re-make or sequel series.

In early 18th century in the War of the Spanish Succession Victor Amadeus switched sides to assist the Habsburgs and via the Treaty of Utrecht they rewarded him with large pieces of land in northeastern Italy, and a Crown in Sicily.

Examples with photo-flash systems included the UK V-bomber simulators for the Valiant, Vulcan and Victor, produced by the Redifon company at Aylesbury and Crawley in the late 1950s and early 1960s.

Binoculars using roof prisms may have appeared as early as the 1870s in a design by Achille Victor Emile Daubresse.

All of the early electrical recordings for Victor were made with a single microphone, usually placed near or above the conductor, a process Victor called " Orthophonic "; the Brunswick electricals used the company's proprietary non-microphone " Light-Ray " selenium-cell system, which was much more prone to sonic distortion than Victor's.

An early Nevada miner, J. M. Corey, named the Esmeralda Mining District after the gypsy dancer, Esmeralda, from Victor Hugo's novel, The Hunchback of Notre Dame.

Since the 1980s, however, there has been a big increase in straw quality as specialist growers have returned to growing older, tall-stemmed, ' heritage ' varieties of wheat such as Squareheads Master ( 1880 ), N59 ( 1959 ), Rampton Rivet ( 1937 ), Victor ( 1910 ) and April Bearded ( early 1800s )

According to early settler Colonel Victor M. Locke, Jr., a hunter was encamped at the spring at present-day Antlers early one autumn and killed a “ magnificent buck .” He nailed its antlers on a tree close to the spring as a challenge to other hunters, who followed suit.

Famous Art Nouveau architects Victor Horta and Henry van de Velde have influenced the early 20th century architecture in Belgium and abroad.

Hertz helped to refine the orchestra and convinced the Victor Talking Machine Company to record it at their new studio in Oakland in early 1925.