Another great danger is that the emerging middle class will feel itself increasingly alienated from the political leaders who still justify their dominance by reference to the struggle for independence or the early phase of nationalism.

The term " android " appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons.

Another early reference to Amber was Pytheas ( 330 BC ) whose work " On the Ocean " is lost, but was referenced by Pliny.

Abu Salih the Armenian, writing in the last quarter of the twelfth century, makes one early reference to this belief that they possessed the Ark.

Jay comments that this is sometimes seen as an early reference to the idea of the transmission of grace through the apostolic succession which in later centuries was understood as being specifically transmitted through the laying on of hands by a bishop within the apostolic succession ( the " pipeline theory ").

In early 1964, Benny and Christina joined a group with the odd name " Elverkets Spelmanslag " (" The Electricity Board Folk Music Group "), who by no means was a folk music ensemble: the name was a punning reference to their electric instruments.

Another early reference reports that " base ball " was regularly played on Saturdays in 1823 on the outskirts of New York City in an area that today is Greenwich Village.

By the early 2000s, these competitions were named Comic Idol ( in reference to Pop Idol.

In the early 1920s, " apple " was used in reference to the many racing courses in and around New York City.

Stephen Mallinder of Cabaret Voltaire reported to Inpress magazine's Andrez Bergen that " I do think the manipulation of sound in our early days-the physical act of cutting up tapes, creating tape loops and all that-has a strong reference to Burroughs and Gysin ...."

Other early forms include " chipmuck " and " chipminck ," and in the 1830s they were also referred to as " chip squirrels ," probably in reference to the sound they make.

On Grand Manan in the Bay of Fundy, as early as 1875, reference was made to searches on the West side of the island for treasure allegedly buried by Kidd during his time as a privateer.

" Shag " itself ( when used in reference to American social dances ) is a very broad term used to denote a number of swing dances that originated during the early part of the 20th century.

Concepts of centripetal and centrifugal force played a key early role in establishing the set of inertial frames of reference and the significance of fictitious forces, even aiding in the development of general relativity in which gravity itself becomes a fictitious force.

They also enabled tunable oscillators in early discrete tuning of radios, where a cheap and stable, but fixed-frequency, crystal oscillator provided the reference frequency for a voltage-controlled oscillator.

In the early 1900s scientific behaviorists such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner began the attempt to uncover laws describing the relationship between stimuli and responses, without reference to inner mental phenomena.

Since the early 1930s, the company has promoted spin-off reference works.

Hence Frege recognized, as early as 1891, that Husserl distinguished between sense and reference.

This French text is a translation of Hayashi Gahō's seven-volume Imperial chronology, first circulated in Kyoto in 1652 and reprinted in the early 19th century as a standard reference work for use by Tokugawa scholar-bureaucrats.

At least one important reference work identifies the latter as a film noir despite its early date.

Another early published reference by in turn credits the conjecture to De Morgan.

Portability was a problem in the early days because there was no agreed standard — not even IBM's reference manual — and computer companies vied to differentiate their offerings from others by providing incompatible features.

Although Johnson would attest in a 1984 radio interview that the " two tribes " of the song potentially represented any pair of warring adversaries ( giving the examples of " cowboys and Indians or Captain Kirk and Klingons "), the song does contain the line " On the air America / I modelled shirts by Van Heusen ", a clear reference to then US President Ronald Reagan, who had advertised for Phillips Van Heusen in 1953 ( briefly reviving the association in the early 1980s ), and whose first film had been titled Love Is On The Air.

The terminus ad quem, or latest possible date, for Luke is bound by the earliest papyri manuscripts that contains portions of Luke ( late 2nd / early 3rd century )< ref > P < sup > 4 </ sup >, P < sup > 45 </ sup >, P < sup > 69 </ sup >, P < sup > 75 </ sup >, and P < sup > 111 </ sup ></ ref > and the mid to late 2nd century writings that quote or reference Luke.

The study of modern languages has been greatly influenced by the grammar of these languages, seeing that the early grammarians, often monks, had no other reference point to describe their language.

As early as 1749, Benning Wentworth, New Hampshire's governor, was selling land grants in the area west of the Connecticut River, to which New Hampshire had always laid somewhat dubious claim.

Another early mentioning of the name, this time by Poseidonios ( writing around 80 BCE ), is also dubious, as it only survives in a quotation by Athenaios ( writing around 190 CE ); the mention of Germani in this context was more likely inserted by Athenaios rather than by Poseidonios himself.

R. Binns acknowledges that this account is the most serious of various alleged early sightings of the monster, but argues that all other claims of monster sightings prior to 1933 are highly dubious and do not prove that there was a tradition of the monster before this date.

In India, the first mosque has been claimed as Cheraman Juma Masjid in the early 7th century, but this claim is dubious.

Madrid preferred to avoid the intricacies and the expense of governing and defending a remote colony that had shown early promise but ultimately proved to have dubious value.

Prison chaplain Paul Lorrain achieved some fame in the early 18th century for his sometimes dubious publication of Confessions of the condemned.

In electronic literature, early author Michael Joyce's Afternoon, a story deploys the ambiguity and dubious narrator characteristic of high modernism, along with some suspense and romance elements, in a story whose meaning could change dramatically depending on the path taken through its lexias on each reading.

The late 1920s and early 1930s brought dubious distinction to White Bear Lake area as a temporary hideout for gangland figures.

* T. cantabrigiensis ( nomen dubium ) Lydekker, 1888 ( based on BMNH R. 496, a dentary tooth from the late Albian-age Lower Cretaceous Cambridge Greensand, Cambridgeshire, England, regarded as a dubious early hadrosaurid )

Cassius is also a dubious possibility for author of the treatise, since it is notable that no literature later than the 1st century AD is mentioned ( the latest is Cicero, dead in 43 BC ), and the work is now usually dated to the early 1st century AD.

In 1934, Stuckart was intimately involved in the dubious acquisition of the Guelph Treasure of Brunswick ( the " Welfenschatz ")-a unique collection of early medieval religious precious metalwork, at that time in the hands of several German-Jewish art dealers from Frankfurt, and one of the most important church treasuries to have survived from medieval Germany-by the Prussian State under its Prime Minister Hermann Göring.

Talbot would remain in the auto-making business for longer than any of these others, and the Talbot name had the further dubious distinction of a resurrection in the early 1980s.

This is rather difficult to judge, contemporary accounts are dubious and it can be seen that the arrival of the Breton army of Arthur de Richemont, future duke of Brittany, Arthur III, with his powerful force of cavalry on the flank of the English, forcing them to leave their prepared defensive position, was more significant, although the early artillery fire from the two French guns played a role in that as well.

However, historian John Fennell, an expert on Kievan Rus and early Russian history, and one well-versed in the primary sources, calls many of these figures into doubt, saying the numbers given in the Russian sources ( there are no Mongol or Polovtsian sources, at least none that have survived, and other sources from other cultures, if they exist, are rather dubious ) are formulaic or exaggerated and the chronicles contradict themselves.

While his major work The Refutation of All Heresies was readily accepted ( once the false attribution to Origen was resolved ), his two small works, On the Twelve Apostles of Christ, and On the Seventy Apostles of Christ, are still regarded as dubious, put in the appendix of his works in the voluminous collection of early church fathers.

Even with the modern treatment, the opening suffered from a slightly dubious reputation in the early twentieth century, even as Alexander Alekhine introduced further ideas for Black and it was played at the highest levels, beginning in the 1930s, though becoming less popular after World War II, as the Indian Defenses were heavily played.

The magazine went through many redesigns over the years, notably adding bizarre English to its covers in the early 1990s, with dubious English phrases like " wriggling labias " that would probably not be understood by most of its readers.