Another great danger is that the emerging middle class will feel itself increasingly alienated from the political leaders who still justify their dominance by reference to the struggle for independence or the early phase of nationalism.

The term " android " appears in US patents as early as 1863 in reference to miniature human-like toy automatons.

Another early reference to Amber was Pytheas ( 330 BC ) whose work " On the Ocean " is lost, but was referenced by Pliny.

Abu Salih the Armenian, writing in the last quarter of the twelfth century, makes one early reference to this belief that they possessed the Ark.

Jay comments that this is sometimes seen as an early reference to the idea of the transmission of grace through the apostolic succession which in later centuries was understood as being specifically transmitted through the laying on of hands by a bishop within the apostolic succession ( the " pipeline theory ").

In early 1964, Benny and Christina joined a group with the odd name " Elverkets Spelmanslag " (" The Electricity Board Folk Music Group "), who by no means was a folk music ensemble: the name was a punning reference to their electric instruments.

Another early reference reports that " base ball " was regularly played on Saturdays in 1823 on the outskirts of New York City in an area that today is Greenwich Village.

By the early 2000s, these competitions were named Comic Idol ( in reference to Pop Idol.

In the early 1920s, " apple " was used in reference to the many racing courses in and around New York City.

Stephen Mallinder of Cabaret Voltaire reported to Inpress magazine's Andrez Bergen that " I do think the manipulation of sound in our early days-the physical act of cutting up tapes, creating tape loops and all that-has a strong reference to Burroughs and Gysin ...."

Other early forms include " chipmuck " and " chipminck ," and in the 1830s they were also referred to as " chip squirrels ," probably in reference to the sound they make.

On Grand Manan in the Bay of Fundy, as early as 1875, reference was made to searches on the West side of the island for treasure allegedly buried by Kidd during his time as a privateer.

" Shag " itself ( when used in reference to American social dances ) is a very broad term used to denote a number of swing dances that originated during the early part of the 20th century.

Concepts of centripetal and centrifugal force played a key early role in establishing the set of inertial frames of reference and the significance of fictitious forces, even aiding in the development of general relativity in which gravity itself becomes a fictitious force.

They also enabled tunable oscillators in early discrete tuning of radios, where a cheap and stable, but fixed-frequency, crystal oscillator provided the reference frequency for a voltage-controlled oscillator.

In the early 1900s scientific behaviorists such as Ivan Pavlov, John B. Watson, and B. F. Skinner began the attempt to uncover laws describing the relationship between stimuli and responses, without reference to inner mental phenomena.

Since the early 1930s, the company has promoted spin-off reference works.

Hence Frege recognized, as early as 1891, that Husserl distinguished between sense and reference.

This French text is a translation of Hayashi Gahō's seven-volume Imperial chronology, first circulated in Kyoto in 1652 and reprinted in the early 19th century as a standard reference work for use by Tokugawa scholar-bureaucrats.

At least one important reference work identifies the latter as a film noir despite its early date.

Another early published reference by in turn credits the conjecture to De Morgan.

Portability was a problem in the early days because there was no agreed standard — not even IBM's reference manual — and computer companies vied to differentiate their offerings from others by providing incompatible features.

Although Johnson would attest in a 1984 radio interview that the " two tribes " of the song potentially represented any pair of warring adversaries ( giving the examples of " cowboys and Indians or Captain Kirk and Klingons "), the song does contain the line " On the air America / I modelled shirts by Van Heusen ", a clear reference to then US President Ronald Reagan, who had advertised for Phillips Van Heusen in 1953 ( briefly reviving the association in the early 1980s ), and whose first film had been titled Love Is On The Air.

The terminus ad quem, or latest possible date, for Luke is bound by the earliest papyri manuscripts that contains portions of Luke ( late 2nd / early 3rd century )< ref > P < sup > 4 </ sup >, P < sup > 45 </ sup >, P < sup > 69 </ sup >, P < sup > 75 </ sup >, and P < sup > 111 </ sup ></ ref > and the mid to late 2nd century writings that quote or reference Luke.

The study of modern languages has been greatly influenced by the grammar of these languages, seeing that the early grammarians, often monks, had no other reference point to describe their language.

" English borrowed the word from Spanish in the early 18th century.

The town's name is attested as Aisincurt in 1175, derived from a Germanic masculine name Aizo, Aizino and the early Northern French word curt ' farm with a courtyard ' ( Late Latin cortem ).

Abbreviations have been used as long as phonetic scripts have existed, in some sense actually being more common in early literacy, where spelling out a whole word was often avoided, initial letters commonly being used to represent words in specific application.

The word " allele " is a short form of allelomorph (' other form '), which was used in the early days of genetics to describe variant forms of a gene detected as different phenotypes.

The word astrology comes from the early Latin word astrologia, deriving from the Greek noun, ' account of the stars '.

Steiner began using the word to refer to his philosophy in the early 1900s as an alternative to theosophy, the term for Madame Blavatsky's movement, itself from the Greek, with a longer history with a meaning of " divine wisdom ".

The English word " amputation " was first applied to surgery in the 17th century, possibly first in Peter Lowe's A discourse of the Whole Art of Chirurgerie ( published in either 1597 or 1612 ); his work was derived from 16th century French texts and early English writers also used the words " extirpation " ( 16th century French texts tended to use extirper ), " disarticulation ", and " dismemberment " ( from the Old French desmembrer and a more common term before the 17th century for limb loss or removal ), or simply " cutting ", but by the end of the 17th century " amputation " had come to dominate as the accepted medical term.

Some etymologists believe it comes from a dialectal pronunciation of the Portuguese " bandore " or from an early anglicisation of the Spanish word " bandurria ", though other research suggests that it may come from a West African term for a bamboo stick formerly used for the instrument's neck.

Since the early 20th century it has been commonly accepted that Old Irish Bel ( l ) taine is derived from a Common Celtic * belo-te ( p ) niâ, meaning " bright fire " ( where the element * belo-might be cognate with the English word bale in ' bale-fire ' meaning ' white ' or ' shining '; compare Anglo-Saxon bael, and Lithuanian / Latvian baltas / balts, found in the name of the Baltic ; in Slavic languages byelo or beloye also means ' white ', as in Беларусь ( White Russia or Belarus ) or Бе ́ лое мо ́ ре Sea ).

According to Montgomery and Hammer Daniel's use of the word ' Chaldean ' to refer to astrologers in general is an anachronism, as during the Neo-Babylonian and early Persian periods ( when Daniel is said to have lived ), it referred only to an ethnicity.

Breton artist Alan Stivell was one of the earliest musicians to use the word Celtic and Keltia in his marketing materials, starting in the early 1960's as part of the worldwide folk music revival of that era with the term quickly catching on with other artists worldwide.

The linguist Jorma Koivulehto wrote ( 2001 ) of the annual Finnish Kekri celebration having borrowed the word from early Indo-Aryan.

The word " file " was used publicly in the context of computer storage as early as February, 1950.

Because of the stylistic similarities between comic strips and early animated movies, " cartoon " came to refer to animation, and the word " cartoon " is currently used to refer to both animated cartoons and gag cartoons.

The word docetai ( illusionists ) referring to early groups who denied Jesus's humanity, first occurred in a letter by Bishop Serapion of Antioch ( 197-203 ), who discovered the doctrine in the Gospel of Peter, during a pastoral visit to a Christian community using it in Rhosus, and later condemned it as a forgery.

Note how the word endings do not coincide with the end of a metrical foot ; for the early part of the line this forces the natural accent of each word to lie in the middle of a foot, playing against the natural rhythm of the ictus.

In the following example of Ennius's early Latin hexameter composition, metrical weight (" ictus ") falls on the first and last syllables of certabant ; the ictus is therefore opposed to the natural stress on the second syllable when the word is pronouned.

The word dragon entered the English language in the early 13th century from Old French dragon, which in turn comes from Latin draconem ( nominative draco ) meaning " huge serpent, dragon ," from the Greek word δράκων, drakon ( genitive drakontos, δράκοντος ) " serpent, giant seafish ", which is believed to have come from an earlier stem drak -, a stem of derkesthai, " to see clearly ," from Proto-Indo-European derk-" to see " or " the one with the ( deadly ) glance.

Others have speculated that the word comes from the Arabic-Persian word Darazo ( " bliss ") or from Shaykh Hussayn ad-Darazī, who was one of the early converts to the faith.

In the early stages of the movement, the word " Druze " is rarely mentioned by historians, and in Druze religious texts only the word Muwaḥḥidūn (" Unitarian ") appears.