The transfer function of an ideal amplifier, with perfect gain and delay, is only an approximation.

To understand a system with an input and an output, such as an audio amplifier, we start with an ideal system where the transfer function is linear and time-invariant.

The zener diode is therefore ideal for applications such as the generation of a reference voltage ( e. g. for an amplifier stage ), or as a voltage stabilizer for low-current applications.

In electronics, the ideal model ( infinite gain ) of an operational amplifier is said to produce a virtual short circuit between its input terminals because no matter what the output voltage is, the difference of potential between its input terminals is zero.

An ideal operational amplifier also has infinite input impedance, so unlike a real short circuit, no current flows between the terminals of the virtual short.

An ideal ( 100 % efficient ) push-pull amplifier with a 12-volt supply can drive a sinusoidal signal with a peak amplitude of 6 V. When connected to an 8 ohm loudspeaker this would deliver:

The ideal common-mode gain of an instrumentation amplifier is zero.

The output of an ideal differential amplifier is given by:

The following analysis is based on the assumption that the operational amplifier is ideal.

Conceptually, an ideal current mirror is simply an ideal inverting current amplifier that reverses the current direction as well or it is a current-controlled current source ( CCCS ).

However, the output is not ideal because of the frequency response of the amplifier, and ringing occurs.

Alternatively G < sub >∞</ sub > is the gain found by replacing the transistor by an ideal amplifier with infinite gain-a nullor.

An operational amplifier ( op-amp ) has two inputs, V < sub >+</ sub > and V < sub >-</ sub >, and an open-loop gain G. In the ideal case, the output of an ideal op-amp behaves according to the equation

Open loop gain is usually exceedingly high ; in fact, an ideal operational amplifier has infinite open-loop gain.

As you can see from the definition above, in an ideal amplifier where, the open loop gain () becomes infinite.

An ideal class B amplifier has a theoretical maximum efficiency of 78 %.

The precision rectifier, which is also known as a super diode, is a configuration obtained with an operational amplifier in order to have a circuit behaving like an ideal diode and rectifier.

The ideal home, they agreed, would be a small private house or a city apartment of four to five rooms, just enough for a family consisting of husband, wife, and two children.

Thus the cocktail party would appear to be the ideal system, but there is one weakness.

Even if the self portrait we distribute for popular consumption were accurate it would be dangerous to present it as a picture of the ideal society.

While Aristotle censors literature only for the young, Plato would banish all poets from his ideal state.

With Herberet's blessing, he was convinced that Allstates' Wisconsin folly would be ideal for conversion to airplane sub-assembly, tanks, missiles or ordnance of some kind.

In 1968, he was cited by William F. Buckley as one of several historical figures whose best qualities would be emulated by the ideal President.

Consequently the Gaussian theory only supplies a convenient method of approximating to reality ; and no constructor would attempt to realize this unattainable ideal.

On the other hand, were surface regions with lower energy available, the water occupying surface locations of higher potential energy would move to occupy these positions of lower energy, inasmuch as there is no barrier to lateral movement in an ideal liquid.

The particular characteristics of this ideal observer can vary from an omniscient observer, who would grasp all the consequences of any action, to an ideally informed observer, who knows as much as could reasonably be expected, but not necessarily all the circumstances or all the possible consequences.

Diamond's very high scratch resistance and thermal conductivity, combined with a lower coefficient of thermal expansion than Pyrex glass, a coefficient of friction close to that of Teflon ( Polytetrafluoroethylene ) and strong lipophilicity would make it a nearly ideal non-stick coating for cookware if large substrate areas could be coated economically.

Under ideal ( adiabatic ) conditions, the exponent would be 1. 4, but a lower value, generally between 1. 2 and 1. 3 is used, since the amount of heat lost will vary among engines based on design, size and materials used, but provides useful results for purposes of comparison.

* Maturity Levels: a 5-level process maturity continuum-where the uppermost ( 5th ) level is a notional ideal state where processes would be systematically managed by a combination of process optimization and continuous process improvement.

Taoiseach Enda Kenny was quoted to say that Dublin “ would be an ideal candidate to host the World Design Capital in 2014 ”.

Were this an ideal world, one in which interests and purposes never jarred, its inhabitants would have no need of a specified set of ethics, according to Baier.

In standard state or STP, with the pressure at 1 atm and temperature at being 273. 16 K, the volume occupied by a mole of an ideal gas would be equal to 22. 414 L.

While a truly characteristic euphonium sound is rather hard to define precisely, most players would agree that an ideal sound is dark, rich, warm, and velvety, with virtually no hardness to it.

From the outset, this new republic held that film would be the most ideal propaganda tool for the Soviet Union because of its widespread popularity among the established citizenry of the new land ; Vladimir Lenin, in fact, declared it the most important medium for educating the masses in the ways, means and successes of Communism, a position which was later echoed by Joseph Stalin.

Jacob Grimm noted that if, as Adam of Bremen states, Fosite's sacred island was Heligoland, that would make him an ideal candidate for a deity known to both Frisians and Scandinavians, but that it is surprising he is never mentioned by Saxo Grammaticus.

Hayek argued that his ideal individualistic, free-market polity would be self-regulating to such a degree that it would be ' a society which does not depend for its functioning on our finding good men for running it '.

If an ideal thermally conductive blackbody was the same distance from the Sun as the Earth is, it would have a temperature of about 5. 3 ° C.

An ideal GSSP would:

In ideal circumstances, PBDE and related endocrine disruptors that seriously damage health would not be present in the blood of any animals or humans.

An ideal inductor would offer no resistance to a constant direct current ; however, only superconducting inductors have truly zero electrical resistance.

The old ideal of the independent entrepreneur is extant -- but so is the recognition that the main chance may be in a corporate bureaucracy.

Many of these aspects will be seen as comparable to those of the ideal detective, but where the detective is active and militant, the jazz musician is passive, almost a victim of society.

There is a well-known relationship between probability and entropy which states that Af, where **zq is the probability that state ( i.e., volume for an ideal gas ) could be reached by chance alone.

Though by no means an ideal procedure, a red wine may similarly be brought from the cellar to the dining room and opened twenty minutes or so before serving time.

The adoption of a standard recognizable type for a long time, is probably because nature gives preference in survival of a type which has long be adopted by the climatic conditions, and also due to the general Greek belief that nature expresses itself in ideal forms that can be imagined and represented.

Dixon recommended that the forts be maintained and strengthened, even though they were not in ideal locations, because much work had been done on them and the Confederates might not have time to build new ones.

Although human morphology is not necessarily the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra ( devices that exhibit likeness ) and automata ( devices that have independence ).

The first three of these prizes are awarded for eminence in physical science, in chemistry and in medical science or physiology ; the fourth is for literary work " in an ideal direction " and the fifth prize is to be given to the person or society that renders the greatest service to the cause of international fraternity, in the suppression or reduction of standing armies, or in the establishment or furtherance of peace congresses.

It needs to be clarified whether the ideal is union or link with ' Waheguru ' ( God ) or merger in God ( Hindu belief ).

Weight for weight, screw anchors have a higher holding than other permanent designs, and so can be cheap and relatively easily installed, although may not be ideal in extremely soft mud.

Such temperature changes can be quantified using the ideal gas law, or the hydrostatic equation for atmospheric processes.

" " Giving Directions " is the term for thinking and projecting an anatomically ideal map of how one's body may be used effortlessly.

Even if the image is sharp, it may be distorted compared to ideal pinhole projection.

Though, theoretically, all life forms are said to deserve full protection from all kinds of injury, Jains admit that this ideal cannot be completely implemented in practice.

Summers can be warm and dry for extended periods creating ideal fire weather conditions.

Theravadin bhikku and scholar Walpola Rahula ( Sri Rahula Maha Thera ) has stated that the bodhisattva ideal has traditionally been held to be higher than the state of a śrāvaka not only in Mahāyāna, but also in Theravāda Buddhism.

While the British military historian Sir John Keegan suggested an ideal definition of battle as " something which happens between two armies leading to the moral then physical disintegration of one or the other of them ", the origins and outcomes of battles can rarely be summarized so neatly.