... review, on the other hand, provide an independent and civil inquiry into the validity of a conviction and sentence, and as such are generally limited to challenges to constitutional, jurisdictional, or other fundamental violations that occurred at trial.

Thus, freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry, and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or intellectually limiting effects of authority, confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, sectarianism, tradition, urban legend, and all other dogmas.

In December 2006, Major led calls for an independent inquiry into Tony Blair's decision to invade Iraq, following revelations made by Carne Ross, a former British senior diplomat, that contradict Blair's case for the invasion.

" Theories must also meet further requirements, such as the ability to make falsifiable predictions with consistent accuracy across a broad area of scientific inquiry, and production of strong evidence in favor of the theory from multiple independent sources.

The following day, the Shadow Minister for Foreign Affairs called for an independent judicial inquiry into the allegations.

Logic is described by Chanakya ( c. 350-283 BCE ) in his Arthashastra as an independent field of inquiry anviksiki.

An amendment which allowed licensed hunting under stricter conditions, advocated by the then Prime Minister Tony Blair and some members of the government's independent inquiry on fox hunting ( including its chairman Lord Burns ), was voted down.

The British government also set up an independent inquiry, chaired by Lord Justice Bingham, in 1992.

A public inquiry into the tolls was held in March 2009 by independent inspector Neil Taylor.

# Select a biased blue ribbon commission or " independent " inquiry

This can be through holding an internal or independent inquiry.

The government announced in May 2009 that there would be an independent inquiry, exploring the possibility that HEFCE had colluded with London Met by failing to query implausibly low drop-out rates.

Islamic philosophy, understood as a " project of independent philosophical inquiry " began in Baghdad in the middle of the eighth century.

# To refer to " the belief that the methods of natural science, or the categories and things recognized in natural science, form the only proper elements in any philosophical or other inquiry ," or that " science, and only science, describes the world as it is in itself, independent of perspective " with a concomitant " elimination of the psychological dimensions of experience.

The CIS, a non-partisan government funded independent research institution, has been researching public opinion of the monarchy since 1984 and tracks three basic lines of inquiry ; what is public confidence in the monarchy, what is the role of the monarchy in a democratic system, and to what degree has the king contributed to the democratic process.

The Institute for Advanced Study, located in Princeton, New Jersey, United States, is an independent postgraduate center for theoretical research and intellectual inquiry.

The Conservative peer had demanded an independent inquiry into the phone hacking inquiry on 7 July 2011.

The Belgian Parliament, pushed by Emile Vandervelde and other critics of the King's Congolese policy, forced Leopold to set up an independent commission of inquiry, and despite the King's efforts, in 1905 it confirmed Casement's report.

An independent inquiry chaired by Paul Dacre, editor of the Daily Mail, recommended in January 2009 that the last restrictions on the release of information, such as cabinet minutes, should be reduced to a 15-year embargo and phased in over a 15-year period.

Under pressure, Charles consented to setting up an independent commission for inquiry, but the verdict was inconclusive.

But he never ceased to exercise an independent judgment, and his work on St Paul, which appeared in 1855, was the result of much original reflection and inquiry.

Thus, freethinkers strive to build their opinions on the basis of facts, scientific inquiry, and logical principles, independent of any logical fallacies or the intellectually limiting effects of authority, confirmation bias, cognitive bias, conventional wisdom, popular culture, prejudice, sectarianism, tradition, urban legend, and all other dogmas.

The government and the OPP maintained that there was no political involvement in the shooting, but inside the Legislature, several opposition politicians suggested that the attack may have been ordered by the Premier's office, and called for an independent judicial inquiry.

For this reason, he appears as an independent and self-reliant figure, whose rugged individualism need not be pressed into the mold of a 9 to 5 routine.

No attempt is made by Ptolemy to weld into a single scheme ( a-la-Aristotle ), these independent predicting-machines.

These are the centuries in which the inhabitants of the Aegean world settled firmly into their minds and into their institutions the foundations of the Hellenic outlook, independent of outside forces.

First, there were those Congolese ( among them Joseph Kasavubu ) who favored splitting the country into small independent states, Balkanizing it.

The Declaration announced the states ' entry into the international system ; the model treaty was designed to establish amity and commerce with other states ; and the Articles of Confederation, which established “ a firm league ” among the thirteen free and independent states, constituted an international agreement to set up central institutions for the conduct of vital domestic and foreign affairs.

Let them be candidly reviewed under a sense of the difficulty of combining in one system the various sentiments and interests of a continent divided into so many sovereign and independent communities, under a conviction of the absolute necessity of uniting all our councils and all our strength, to maintain and defend our common liberties ...

After 1180 BC, the Hittite empire disintegrated into several independent " Neo-Hittite " states, subsequent to losing much territory to the Middle Assyrian Empire and being finally overrun by the Phrygians, another Indo-European people who are believed to have migrated from The Balkans.

In independent Armenia, environmental issues divide society ( and scientists ) sharply into those who fear " environmental time bombs " and those who view resumption of pollution-prone industrial operations as the only means of improving the country's economy.

* 1784 – Western North Carolina ( now eastern Tennessee ) declares itself an independent state under the name of Franklin ; it is not accepted into the United States, and only lasts for four years.

Around 1511 or earlier, he travelled down the river and south into the Alps, where the scenery moved him so deeply that he became the first landscape painter in the modern sense, making him the leader of the Danube School, a circle that pioneered landscape as an independent genre, in southern Germany.

From 1886 dates the finding of Mycenaean sepulchres outside the Argolid, from which, and from the continuation of Tsountas's exploration of the buildings and lesser graves at Mycenae, a large treasure, independent of Schliemann's princely gift, has been gathered into the National Museum at Athens.

Since then a number of independent developers released games into the new decade, like Championship Rally, CyberVirus, and Alpine Games.

In 1969, the independent towns of Bad Godesberg and Beuel as well as several villages were incorporated into Bonn, resulting in a city more than twice as large as before.

Freundel Stuart, and his Cabinet ; ( Parliament ) as legislature, divided into two chambers ( Senate and House of Assembly ), and an independent judiciary.

The federal government exercises control over the central government and is divided into three independent branches: executive, legislative and judicial.

However, the campaign was made redundant by Burebista's overthrow and death in the same year, after which his Getan empire fragmented into 4, later 5 independent petty kingdoms.

While " there is an intentional editorial unity with a cohesive purpose and message in the canonical form of the book ," Job contains many separate elements, some of which may have had an independent existence prior to being incorporated into the present text.

On March 30, 2006, as a response to the controversy of the use of performance-enhancing drugs and the anticipated career home run record to be set by Barry Bonds, Selig asked former senator George Mitchell to lead an independent investigation into the use of steroids in baseball's recent past.

An attempt by the French government to incorporate the independent Breton-language immersion schools ( called Diwan ) into the state education system was blocked by the French Constitutional Council on the grounds that, as the 1992 amendment to the Constitution of the 5th Republic states that French is the language of the Republic, no other language may be used as a language of instruction in state schools.

The airport itself is split into two architecturally independent sectors, one half serving the French side and the other half serving the Swiss side ; prior to Schengen there was a customs point at the middle of the airport so that people could " emigrate " to the other side of the airport.

; Independent countries: This category has independent countries, which the CIA defines as people " politically organized into a sovereign state with a definite territory ".

In the later twentieth century, however, powerful and general theoretical methods were developed, making combinatorics into an independent branch of mathematics in its own right.

As colonies gained independence from Britain, in most cases the newly independent countries adopted English common law precedent as of the date of independence as the default law to carry forward into the new nation, to the extent not explicitly rejected by the newly freed colony's founding documents or government.