This is why a high compression engine requires fuels specially formulated to not self-ignite ( which would cause engine knocking when operated under these conditions of temperature and pressure ), or that a supercharger and intercooler to provide a lower temperature at the same pressure would be advantageous.

The intake air is first compressed by the supercharger and then cooled by an intercooler.

The heat exchanger can be problematic: while it performs a similar task to an intercooler for an internal combustion engine, the temperature difference between the incoming air and the working gas is smaller.

In a vehicle fitted with two-stage turbocharging, it is possible to have both an intercooler ( between the two turbocharger units ) and an aftercooler ( between the second-stage turbo and the engine ).

In general, an intercooler or aftercooler is said to be a charge-air cooler.

The engine bay of a 2003 BMW MINI | MINI Cooper S — the top mounted intercooler is circled in red.

Air is directed through the intercooler through the use of a hood scoop.

Some World Rally Championship cars use a reverse-induction system design whereby air is forced through ducts in the front bumper to a horizontally-mounted intercooler.

A big advantage of the air-to-liquid setup is the lower overall pipe and intercooler length, which offers faster response ( lowers turbo lag ), giving peak boost faster than most front-mount intercooler setups.

Air-to-liquid intercoolers are by far the most common form of intercooler found on marine engines, given that a limitless supply of cooling water is available and most engines are located in closed compartments where obtaining a good flow of cooling air for an air-to-air unit would be difficult.

There is some confusion in terminology between aftercooler, intercooler, and charge-air cooler.

The term intercooler is widely used to mean in-between the Turbocharger and the engine.

Both terms, intercooler or aftercooler, are correct, but this is the origin of the two terms that are used interchangeably by all levels of experts.

An intercooler, or " Charge-Air Cooler ", is an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device used on turbocharged and supercharged ( forced induction ) internal combustion engines to improve their volumetric efficiency by increasing intake air-charge density through isochoric cooling.

In a vehicle fitted with two-stage turbocharging, it is possible to have both an intercooler ( between the two turbocharger units ) and an aftercooler ( between the second-stage turbo and the engine ).

In general, an intercooler or aftercooler is said to be a Charge-Air Cooler.

The power output of is similar to previous FPV turbos, but it is a substantially modified design: the new induction system which includes a bigger and more efficient intercooler, higher compression ratio, extra boost and strengthened internals are the key changes.

The major drawback to the E55 is the cooling system ( mainly the stock Bosch intercooler pump does not have sufficient flow rate ) which is highly prone to heat soaking after a series of high speed pulls.

The solution to this common problem is replacing the stock intercooler pump with an aftermarket Johnson CM30 pump.

A centrifugal compressor is commonly used because it is compact and easier to use an intercooler with.

Its mechanical basis was the existing 2JZ-GE, but differed in its use of sequential twin turbochargers and an air-to-air side-mounted intercooler.

* Charge air cooler or intercooler, an air-to-air or air-to-liquid heat exchange device

Those seeking additional power for their Forester XT can replace the turbocharger and intercooler with used STI components which are readily available.

Side-mounted intercoolers are generally smaller, mainly due to space constraints, and sometimes two are used to gain the performance of a larger, single intercooler.

A custom-built air-to-water intercooler, as used in a time attack car.

The 1989-1993 Subaru Legacy with the 2. 0 L DOHC flat-4 engine also used a top installed air-to-water intercooler on the GT and RS models sold in Japan, Europe, and Australia.

While the multi-stage turbocharger systems are still in use in some tractor pull classes, selected high-performance diesels, and are also being used on newer late model commercial diesels, the term intercooler and aftercooler are used synonymously today.

This 2. 5-litre engine used a turbocharger built by Rover's gas turbine division as well as an intercooler.

The turbocharged and intercooled 2. 3 was also used in the 1984-86 Mustang SVO, while the 1983 – 1984 Mustang TurboGT, 1985-89 Merkur XR4Ti, 1983 – 1986 Thunderbird Turbo Coupe and 1984 – 1986 Mercury Cougar XR7 all skipped the intercooler on their turbo versions, which dropped output to and of torque.

Horsepower varied between depending mostly upon the turbocharger that was fitted, the presence of an intercooler, and whether the 8-valve or 12-valve head was used.

A turbocharger and intercooler are also used.

Once the engine has reached 2800 rpm, the smaller fixed turbocharger is used to push boosted air to the intake port of the larger turbocharger, before the boosted air from the smaller turbocharger is redirected to intercooler 300 milliseconds later, when the smaller turbocharger is fully operational.

The L28ET used a single Garrett AiResearch TB03 internally wastegated turbocharger and no intercooler.

In Japan, the 1989 Honda Legend used a variable geometry turbo with an integrated water cooled intercooler installed on its 2. 0 L V6 engine, and was only manufactured for one year.

Turbocharger units often make use of an intercooler ( also known as a charge air cooler ), to cool down the intake air.

In such a system, the intercooler will be attached to the sea water circuit and placed before the engine's own heat exchanger to ensure a supply of cool water.

In 1999, an air to air intercooler was added to cool the charged air from the turbo making it more dense.

Revisions included uprated brakes and larger brake cooling ducts and modified front and rear spoilers ( a second smaller rear spoiler was added beneath the large " whale-tail "), a modified front bumper to allow extra cooling for a larger intercooler, as well as various engine upgrades including a larger turbocharger and a second fuel rail ( which did not operate on road models ).

The intercooler ( top ) of this 1910 Ingersoll Rand air compressor extracts waste heat between the two compressor stages.

The only visual differences between these two-litre Turbo's and regular 328's were their NACA ducts positioned just in front of each rear wheelarch, redesigned engine covers ( in order to accommodate the Behr intercooler ) and a ventilated rear bumper.

* Cooling: oil-water intercooler between gearbox lubricant and engine

The primary difference between these engines was the use of an intercooler ( in all except Turbo I ).

An alternative method for utilizing both a MAF and a blowoff valve is to have the MAF located down stream between the intercooler and the throttle plate.

The turbo compressor could generate as much as of boost, and was paired with a water cooled intercooler installed inside the intake plenum between the cylinder banks to produce net at 6000 rpm and a maximum torque of at 3500 rpm.

This increase in power was obtained from an air / water free flow intercooler fitted between a higher capacity pressure charger and inlet manifold, included within the normal cooling circuit to maintain simplicity.

The latter four engines result from the cooperation agreement between PSA and the BMW group ; and can also be found in the Mini Cooper S. The diesel-powered engines available are a 1. 4 litre or a 1. 6 litre HDi with maximum output of 90 or, the latter with the addition of an intercooler.