A discrete cosine transform ( DCT ) expresses a sequence of finitely many data points in terms of a sum of cosine functions oscillating at different frequencies.

A normal mode of an oscillating system is a pattern of motion in which all parts of the system move sinusoidally with the same frequency and with a fixed phase relation.

This is achieved in amniotes possibly by means of two opposing gradients, Retinoic acid in the anterior ( wavefront ) and Wnt and Fgf in the posterior, coupled to an oscillating pattern ( segmentation clock ) composed of FGF + Notch and Wnt in antiphase.

* Scintillation ( medicine ), a rapidly oscillating pattern of visual distortions, often associated with migraine aura

The action consists of oscillating the traversed reciprocation in up and down fashion ( perpendicular to the motion of cut ) causing the tip of the blade to move in an oval pattern, up and down as well as back and forth.

If a layer of liquid is placed on top of a vertically oscillating piston, a pattern of standing waves appears which oscillates at half the driving frequency, given certain criteria of instability.

Also, CNN processors were used to approximate pattern generation systems that create stationary fronts, spatio-temporal patterns oscillating in time, hysteresis, memory, and hetergenity.

** An oscillating member where this clutch can then convert the oscillations into intermittent linear or rotational motion of the complimentary member ; others use ratchets with the pawl mounted on a moving member

The electromagnetic waves that compose electromagnetic radiation can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields.

Electromagnetic waves can be imagined as a self-propagating transverse oscillating wave of electric and magnetic fields.

Charge flows back and forth between the capacitor's plates through the inductor, so the tuned circuit can store electrical energy oscillating at its resonant frequency.

This understanding is particularly useful for mathematical analysis, because the object's motion can be described as the sum of the three one-dimensional coordinates oscillating around a gravitational center.

In some steam engines, the action of the valves can be replaced by an oscillating cylinder.

The movement of the slowly oscillating tissue is used to determine the elasticity of the material, which can then be used to distinguish healthy tissue from the unhealthy tissue.

Alternatively, the electrons can be accelerated by the oscillating electric field induced by an alternating magnetic field of a coil, which results in a self-sustaining discharge and omits any cathode ( radio frequency ion thruster ).

The main problem with the central difference method, however, is that oscillating functions can yield zero derivative.

The cam can be seen as a device that translates from circular to reciprocating ( or sometimes oscillating ) motion.

One can imagine that light incident on the surface is absorbed, and then reradiated by oscillating electric dipoles at the interface between the two media.

Surface rheology can be characterized by the oscillating drop method or shear surface rheometers such as double-cone, double-ring or magnetic rod shear surface rheometer.

An exception is the oscillating cylinder steam engine which can be double acting and yet has no crosshead.

Hamiltonians can be used to describe such simple systems as a bouncing ball, a pendulum or an oscillating spring in which energy changes from kinetic to potential and back again over time.

In lasers with only a few oscillating modes, interference between the modes can cause beating effects in the laser output, leading to random fluctuations in intensity ; in lasers with many thousands of modes, these interference effects tend to average to a near-constant output intensity, and the laser operation is known as a c. w.

* systems are often composed of entities seeking equilibrium but can exhibit oscillating, chaotic, or exponential behavior.

In certain circumstances, twisted wire can be used to give the arc an oscillating movement.

Whereas a normal pendulum is stable when hanging downwards, an inverted pendulum is inherently unstable, and must be actively balanced in order to remain upright ; this can be done either by applying a torque at the pivot point, by moving the pivot point horizontally as part of a feedback system, changing the rate of rotation of a mass mounted on the pendulum on an axis parallel to the pivot axis and thereby generating a net torque on the pendulum, or by oscillating the pivot point vertically.

As derived above the inverted pendulum can also be achieved by having a vertically oscillating base.

Emission of radiation is typically described using semi-classical quantum mechanics: the particle's energy levels and spacings are determined from quantum mechanics, and light is treated as an oscillating electric field that can drive a transition if it is in resonance with the system's natural frequency.

Alternatively, EM radiation can be viewed as an electromagnetic wave, which carries energy in its oscillating electric and magnetic fields.

The seasons can be considered to be an oscillating system driven by two inputs with slightly different frequencies: the total input of energy from the sun varies with the anomalistic year, while the distribution of this energy between the hemispheres varies with the tropical year.

In other physical situations, oscillating systems driven by two similar frequencies can latch onto either one.

Thus only one dee can be used instead of two, the other end of the oscillating voltage supply being connected to earth.

An LC circuit, also called a resonant circuit, tank circuit, or tuned circuit, consists of an inductor, represented by the letter L, and a capacitor, represented by the letter C. When connected together, they can act as an electrical resonator, an electrical analogue of a tuning fork, storing energy oscillating at the circuit's resonant frequency.

For example, oscillating charges produce electric and magnetic fields that may be viewed in a ' smooth ', continuous, wavelike fashion.

In addition, an oscillating system may be subject to some external force, as when an AC circuit is connected to an outside power source.

It was thought that the oscillating electromagnetic fields caused the atoms ' field to resonate and, after reaching a certain amplitude, caused a subatomic " corpuscle " to be emitted, and current to be detected.

When such bodies are subjected to a sinusoidally oscillating stress, the strain is neither exactly in phase with the stress ( as it would be for a perfectly elastic solid ) nor 90 degrees out of phase ( as it would be for a perfectly viscous liquid ) but rather exhibits a strain that lags the stress at a value between zero and 90 degrees: i. e., Some of the energy is stored and recovered in each cycle, and some is dissipated as heat.

Thus if a station was transmitting on 300 kHz and the oscillating receiver was set to 400 kHz, the station would be heard not only at the original 300 kHz, but also at 100 kHz and 700 kHz.

An oscillating string is another example of a transverse wave ; a more everyday example would be an audience wave.

The duration of each pulse of light is determined by the number of modes which are oscillating in phase ( in a real laser, it is not necessarily true that all of the laser's modes will be phase-locked ).

The DC bias on the drift tube may be adjusted to alter the transit time through it, thus allowing some electronic tuning of the oscillating frequency.

In astrophysics, wherever there is evidence of shocks ( standing, propagating or oscillating ), the flow close by must be transonic, as only supersonic flows form shocks.

Another way that an inverted pendulum may be stabilized, without any feedback or control mechanism, is by oscillating the support rapidly up and down.