Unlike Bach's solo violin sonatas, no autographed manuscript survives, thus ruling out the use of an urtext performing edition.

An urtext edition of a work of classical music is a printed version intended to reproduce the original intention of the composer as exactly as possible, without any added or changed material.

The sources for an urtext edition include the autograph ( that is, the manuscript produced in the composer's hand ), hand copies made by the composer's students and assistants, the first published edition, and other early editions.

Since first editions often include misprints, a particularly valuable source for urtext editions is a copy of the first edition that was hand-corrected by the composer.

Typically, an urtext edition will include a preface indicating what sources were consulted by the editor.

The urtext edition adds value to what the performer could get from a facsimile by integrating evidence from multiple sources and exercising informed scholarly judgment.

A compromise between urtext and interpretive editing is an edition in which the editor's additions are typographically distinguished ( usually with parentheses, size, greyscale or detailed in accompanying prose ) from the composer's own markings.

The very term " urtext " has fallen into disfavor among some critics and scholars, perhaps because it is perceived as overselling what an edition can accomplish.

Yet performers of classical music use the term " urtext " frequently, because they usually value urtext editions highly.

Therefore, the editor of an urtext score of an opera by Beethoven would only receive 25 years of protection, but the arrangement of the full orchestral part for piano would receive a full 70 year protection-timed from the publication of the piano arrangement and not the death of the editor.

Other kinds of editions distinct from urtext are facsimile and interpretive editions, discussed below.

The musicologist James Webster, basing his remarks on his study of two leading urtext editions of Haydn's E flat Piano Sonata, H. XVI: 49, suggests that players interested in historically informed performance ought to play from a facsimile.

* Comments on urtext editions from the C. F. Peters publishing house

* Comments on urtext editing by Patrice Connelly

* Comments on fingerings added to urtext editions by Jura Margulis

Where the sources are few, or misprint-ridden, or conflicting, the task of the urtext editor becomes difficult.

A fundamental problem in urtext editing is how to present variant readings.

The strictest possible practice is to render all markings literally, but an urtext editor may also want to point out the markings found in parallel passages.

William S. Newman suggests that in contemporary music teaching, urtext editions have become increasingly favored, though he expresses some ambivalence about this development:

Compares the same work in facsimile, urtext, and interpretive editions.

Perhaps the most well known example that advocates of an Aramaic urtext for the Gospels cite is the parable of the " camel ( καμηλος ) through the eye of a needle.

Only six leaves of M survive ; however, the printed edition of Gelenius ( G ) is considered to be based on M, making it an important witness to the textual tradition of the Res Gestae.

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The Shorter Oxford English Dictionary, third edition, gives a Middle English quotation making this contrast, from as early as 1400:

Before the fourth edition, skill and ability checks worked as follows: all actions in the game, from the use of skills to making attacks in combat, are first given a target number that reflects the difficulty of the action which is then raised or lowered by various modifying factors, such as environmental conditions, the condition of the character, the use of mechanical aids, and so forth.

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The high-definition Blu-ray Disc edition of the film featuring the director's audio commentary, the making of the film, and deleted scenes was released in the United States on June 3, 2008.

The two-disc DVD release, as well as a three-disc collector's edition containing a " making of " book and special features that were unavailable on the two-disc edition, were placed in moratorium on December 31, 2002.

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The first story arc of the relaunched series, titled Superman and the Men of Steel for the collected edition, begins very early in Superman's career as he starts making a name for himself as a champion of the oppressed in Metropolis.

She made appearances on Showtime's hit show Queer As Folk in 2005, making her Broadway debut in The Threepenny Opera in 2006 as Jenny, and directing a commercial for Totally 80s edition of the board game Trivial Pursuit.

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The first edition of the Dictionary of National Biography ( 1911 ) asserted that Nightingale reduced the death rate from 42 % to 2 % either by making improvements in hygiene herself or by calling for the Sanitary Commission.

Additionally, a deluxe edition was released, which included a DVD documenting the making of the album.

The Laguna Seca edition includes a large adjustable splitter in the front, and a X-brace where the rear seats used to be, making it a 2-seater.