The earliest surviving European examples are the Argonautica of Apollonius of Rhodes and Virgil's Aeneid, which follow both the style and subject matter of Homer.

** Argonautica by Apollonius of Rhodes

In Apollonius of Rhodes ' Argonautica it is recalled that Heracles had mercilessly slain their king, Theiodamas, over one of the latter's bulls, and made war upon the Dryopes " because they gave no heed to justice in their lives ".

Apollonius of Rhodes, in the Argonautica mentions that Medea was taught by Hecate, " I have mentioned to you before a certain young girl whom Hecate, daughter of Perses, has taught to work in drugs.

The goddess is described as wearing oak in fragments of Sophocles ' lost play The Root Diggers ( or The Root Cutters ), and an ancient commentary on Apollonius of Rhodes ' Argonautica ( 3. 1214 ) describes her as having a head surrounded by serpents, twining through branches of oak.

Though some of the episodes of Jason's story draw on ancient material, the definitive telling, on which this account relies, is that of Apollonius of Rhodes in his epic poem Argonautica, written in Alexandria in the late 3rd century BC.

Gildas Hamel, drawing on the Book of Jonah and Greco-Roman sources — including Greek vases and the accounts of Apollonius of Rhodes, Gaius Valerius Flaccus and Orphic Argonautica — identifies a number of shared motifs, including the names of the heroes, the presence of a dove, the idea of " fleeing " like the wind and causing a storm, the attitude of the sailors, the presence of a sea-monster or dragon threatening the hero or swallowing him, and the form and the word used for the " gourd " ( kikayon ).

* Apollonius of Rhodes ( mid-3rd century BC )

The earliest poet to link Nereus with the labours of Heracles was Pherekydes, according to a scholion on Apollonius of Rhodes.

Other minor details attached to the myth include: the duration of Prometheus ' torment ; the origin of the eagle that ate the Titan's liver ( found in Pseudo-Apollodorus and Hyginus ); Pandora's marriage to Epimetheus ( found in Pseudo-Apollodorus ); myths surrounding the life of Prometheus ' son, Deucalion ( found in Ovid and Apollonius of Rhodes ); and Prometheus ' marginal role in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts ( found in Apollonius of Rhodes and Valerius Flaccus ).

Most of the ancients, including the first two just mentioned, refer to his work by his name: " Pytheas says ..." Two late writers give titles: the astronomical author Geminus of Rhodes mentions ( ta peri tou Okeanou ), literally " things about the Ocean ", sometimes translated as " Description of the Ocean ", " On the Ocean " or " Ocean ;" Marcianus, the scholiast on Apollonius of Rhodes, mentions a ( periodos gēs ), a " trip around the earth " or ( periplous ), " sail around.

According to sources, Theseus also was one of the Argonauts, although Apollonius of Rhodes states in the Argonautica that Theseus was still in the underworld at this time.

Virgil made use of several models in the composition of his epic ; Homer the preeminent classical epicist is everywhere present, but Virgil also makes especial use of the Latin poet Ennius and the Hellenistic poet Apollonius of Rhodes among the various other writers he alludes to.

* Apollonius of Rhodes, author of Jason and the Argonauts

Medea figures in the myth of Jason and the Argonauts, a myth known best from a late literary version worked up by Apollonius of Rhodes in the 3rd century BC and called the Argonautica.

Though the early literary presentations of Medea are lost, Apollonius of Rhodes, in a redefinition of epic formulas, and Euripides, in a dramatic version for a specifically Athenian audience, each employed the figure of Medea ; Seneca offered yet another tragic Medea, of witchcraft and potions, and Ovid rendered her portrait three times for a sophisticated and sceptical audience in Imperial Rome.

Apollonius of Rhodes depicts the island in Argonautica as a place visited by the Argonauts.

Apollonius of Rhodes calls the lower Danube the Keras Okeanoio ( Gulf or Horn of Oceanus ) in Argonautica ( IV.

The chief poets were Theocritus, Callimachus, and Apollonius of Rhodes.

* Julius Caesar travels to Rhodes to study under Apollonius Molon.

Apollonius of Perga, in On Determinate Section, dealt with problems in a manner that may be called an analytic geometry of one dimension ; with the question of finding points on a line that were in a ratio to the others.

He also draws on Apollonius, and Johannes Werner's ' Libellus super viginti duobus elementis conicis ' of 1522.

" The term was introduced by Apollonius of Perga in his work on conic sections, but in contrast to its modern meaning, he used it to mean any line that does not intersect the given curve.

* Conics was a work on conic sections that was later extended by Apollonius of Perga into his famous work on the subject.

* Neopythagorians such as Apollonius of Tyana centered their cosmologies on the Monad or One.

** Conon of Samos, Greek mathematician and astronomer whose work on conic sections ( curves of the intersections of a right circular cone with a plane ) serves as the basis for the fourth book of the Conics of Apollonius of Perga ( b. c. 280 BC )

In the most complete surviving account, the Argonautica of Apollonius, Medea fell in love with him and promised to help him, but only on the condition that if he succeeded, he would take her with him and marry her.

Apollonius wrote more than thirty treatises on questions of syntax, semantics, morphology, prosody, orthography, dialectology, and more.

The oldest sources on Bacchylides and his work are scholia on Homer, Hesiod, Pindar, Aristophanes, Apollonius Rhodius and Callimachus.

* Conon of Samos, Greek mathematician and astronomer whose work on conic sections ( curves of the intersections of a right circular cone with a plane ) serves as the basis for the fourth book of the Conics of Apollonius of Perga ( b. c. 280 BC )

* Apollonius of Rhodes, Greek poet, grammarian and author of the Argonautica, an epic in four books on the voyage of the Argonauts ( b. c. 295 BC )

* Apollonius of Perga ( Pergaeus ), Greek astronomer and mathematician specialising in geometry and noted for his writings on conic sections ( d. c. 190 BC )

The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius cites Phorcys and Ceto as the parents of The Hesperides, but this assertion is not repeated in other ancient sources.

In particular, he tells lengthy stories of Apollonius entering the city of Rome in disregard of Emperor Nero ’ s ban on philosophers, and later on being summoned, as a defendant, to the court of Domitian, where he defied the Emperor in blunt terms.

In the only other key reference to Euclid, Pappus briefly mentioned in the fourth century that Apollonius " spent a very long time with the pupils of Euclid at Alexandria, and it was thus that he acquired such a scientific habit of thought.

He edited works of Euclid, Apollonius, Archimedes, and other Greek mathematicians.

According to Apollonius of Rhodes, he was a son of Agenor, but the Bibliotheca says that other authors named his father as Poseidon.

According to Pindar's ninth Pythian Ode and Apollonius ' Argonautica ( II. 522ff ), Cyrene despised spinning and other womanly arts and instead spent her days hunting, but, in a prophecy he put in the mouth of the wise centaur Chiron, Apollo would spirit her to Libya and make her the foundress of a great city, Cyrene, in a fertile coastal plain.

The Scholiast on Apollonius Rhodius cites Phorcys and Ceto as the parents of The Hesperides, but this assertion is not repeated in other ancient sources.

Otherwise they differ little from work done by other poets, such as Callimachus and Apollonius Rhodius.

Pappus mentions other treatises of Apollonius:

Ancient writers refer to other works of Apollonius that are no longer extant:

Apollonius discovered that there are two other non-intersecting circles, C < sub > 4 </ sub > and C < sub > 5 </ sub >, which have the property that they are tangent to all three of the original circles – these are called Apollonian circles ( see Descartes ' theorem ).

* two versions of the Passio of Apollonius, one Greek, the other Armenian, which were discovered in the late 19th century.

In the Middle Ages he was confused with two other saints, Apollo of Alexandria and the Apollonius who was martyred with Saint Valentine and whose feast is on 18 April.

In his 1949 book The Hero with a Thousand Faces Joseph Campbell advanced the theory that a single myth stood behind the stories of Krishna, Buddha, Apollonius of Tyana, Jesus and other hero stories.

Similarly, Apollonius is a Shadow Angel who seems to have light-like powers and gives the humans a fighting chance against the Shadow Angels with the Aquarion, but loses his wings as punishment from the other Shadow Angels.

These methods were simplified by exploiting symmetries inherent in the problem of Apollonius: for instance solution circles generically occur in pairs, with one solution enclosing the given circles that the other excludes ( Figure 2 ).

Solutions to Apollonius ' problem are sometimes called Apollonius circles, although the term is also used for other types of circles associated with Apollonius.

First, a point, line or circle is assumed to be tangent to itself ; hence, if a given circle is already tangent to the other two given objects, it is counted as a solution to Apollonius ' problem.

Hence, Viète's solution is considered to be a plausible reconstruction of Apollonius ' solution, although other reconstructions have been published independently by three different authors.

Several other geometrical solutions to Apollonius ' problem were developed in the 19th century.