This has led to theories that the Arab-Berber attacks may have been related to the Byzantine, and perhaps the Arabs were originally useful allies in a Byzantine attempt to reconquer the lost province of Spania.

Morocco is considered by some as an Arab-Berber country.

They are of mixed Arab-Berber descent, but many consider themselves Arab.

The battle was significant as the culmination of a series of Arab-Berber attacks and the beginning of the Islamic conquest of Hispania.

Rivalries among European powers enabled the Arab-Berber population, the Maures ( Moors ), to maintain their independence and later to exact annual payments from France, whose sovereignty over the Senegal River and the Mauritanian coast was recognized by the Congress of Vienna in 1815.

Most Moroccans are Sunni Muslims, mainly of Arab-Berber, Arabized Berber or Berber stock.

The majority ( 98 % ) of modern Tunisians are Arabized Berber or Arab-Berber, and are speakers of Tunisian Arabic.

The country continues to experience ethnic tensions between its black minority population and the dominant Mauri ( Arab-Berber ) populace.

The present day Republic of Tunisia includes about ten million inhabitants, chiefly of Arab-Berber descent.

99 % of the population is classified ethnically as Arab-Berber and religiously as Sunni Muslim 96 %, the few non-Sunni Muslims are mainly Ibadis 1. 3 % from the M ' Zab valley ( See Islam in Algeria ).

According to Ibn ʻAbd al-Ḥakam writing around 860, Ṭāriq, commander of the Arab-Berber garrison of Tangiers, crossed the straits of Gibraltar with ships from a certain Count Julian ( Arabic Ilyan ), lord of Ceuta and " Alchadra " ( Algeciras ), and landed near Cartagena, which he took and made his headquarters.

He was forced to defend against an Arab-Berber invasion of Álava and Galicia and was defeated in battle the Battle of the Burbia River, probably the Bierzo, in 791.

For something, clearly, has gone very, very seriously wrong in Soviet-Chinese relations, which were never easy, and have now deteriorated.

many of us in public relations were flattered that Richard L. Tobin chose to devote his editorial in the March 11 Communications Supplement to the merger of the Public Relations Society of America and the American Public Relations Association.

As a result, distribution costs were cut, customer relations improved.

With the exception of treaty-making, foreign relations were historically concerned for the most part with conditions of short or at least measurable duration.

Whereas persons of eighth grade education or less were more apt to avoid or be shocked by nudity, those educated beyond the eighth grade increasingly welcomed and approved nudity in sexual relations.

Angola-Vietnam relations were established in August 1971, four years before Angola gained its independence, when future President of Angola Agostinho Neto visited Vietnam.

While there are ancient relations between the Indian Vedas and the Iranian Avesta, the two main families of the Indo-Iranian philosophical traditions were characterized by fundamental differences in their implications for the human being's position in society and their view on the role of man in the universe.

Ahmed III cultivated good relations with France, doubtless in view of Russia's menacing attitude-in fact, both his wives were Frenchwomen.

The agreement proved immensely successful, and relations with the Avars were almost uninterruptedly friendly during the lifetime of the Lombard Kingdom.

The main objective of the mission, however, was to secure the return of Edward ; but this failed, mainly because Henry III's relations with the Hungarians were strained, and the emperor was unable or unwilling to help Ealdred.

Doherty suggests that the personal relations of the two kings were strained by constant arguments, though this in not confirmed by historical sources.

Painful relations between father and son, quite apart from the prior personal antipathies, were therefore inevitable.

His relations with Athens were already strained when he returned to Babylon in 324 BC ; after his death, Athens and Sparta led several Greek states to war with Macedon and lost.

His rabbinic education was acquired mainly at Tiberias, in the academy presided over by R. Johanan, with whom his relations were almost those of a son ( Yer.

In the agreement, the relations between the British Indian and Afghan governments, as previously arranged, were confirmed ; and an understanding was reached upon the important and difficult subject of the border line of Afghanistan on the east, towards India.

According to Capp, who loved to relate the story, Kelly's two perfectly logical reasons for doing so were: a. to cement diplomatic relations between Argentina and the United States, and b. " Because you can't play the piano, anyway!

Regarding institutional reforms, the party was a long-time supporter of presidentialism and a plurality voting system, and came to support also federalism and to fully accept the alliance with Lega Nord, although the relations with that party were tense at times, especially about issues regarding national unity.

The Council of the European Union decided against Belarus in 1997: The PCA was not concluded, nor was its trade-related part ; Belarusian membership in the Council of Europe was not supported ; bilateral relations at the ministerial level were suspended and EU technical assistance programs were frozen.

Bilateral relations have developed steadily since diplomatic ties were established in mid-1994.

Frequent high-level consultations and joint military exercises, meant to discourage potential dissidents and to protect young " revolutions " in each country, were fairly regular features of Ghana-Burkina relations.

Diplomatic relations between Burkina Faso and the Soviet Union were established for the first time on February 18, 1967.

Although he was a major figure in the protectionist wing of the Conservative Party after 1844, Disraeli's relations with the other leading figures in the party, particularly Lord Derby, the overall leader, were often strained.

Conceived while Atkinson and Curtis were working on Not the Nine O ' Clock News, the series dealt comically with a number of medieval issues in Britain – witchcraft, Royal succession, European relations, the Crusades and the conflict between the Church and the Crown.

Tacitus ' statement that they were " German in their way of life and types of dwelling " implies a sedentary bias, but their close relations with the Sarmatians, who were nomadic, may indicate a more nomadic lifestyle, as does the wide geographical range of their attested inhabitation.

The interdiction of aggressive war was confirmed and broadened by the United Nations Charter, which provides in article 2, paragraph 4, that " All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

The UN Charter says: " All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

This was obviously in the interest of the Federal Republic of Germany but — because the Soviet Union also maintained diplomatic relations with the German Democratic Republic — it was apparently inconsistent with the exclusive mandate policy, which insisted that other states should not maintain diplomatic relations with both German " states ".

# All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

Article 2 ( 4 ) of the Charter provided that " all members shall refrain in their national relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

So, if non-reductionism is true, self-interest theorists are inconsistent in viewing spatial relations as significant but temporal relations insignificant.

:: All Members shall refrain in their international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or in any other manner inconsistent with the Purposes of the United Nations.

Accept the obligation to refrain in its international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any State, or in any manner inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations.

Ironically many of these laws, like Apartheid laws that criminalized sexual relations between consenting adults of different races, are relics of the colonial era and are increasingly becoming recognized as anachronistic and as inconsistent both with international law and with traditional values of dignity, inclusion and respect for all ....

In a letter to the United States Secretary of State, the Japanese government via the Japanese Minister of Foreign Affairs called the law “ essentially unfair and inconsistent … with the sentiments of amity and good neighborhood which have presided over the relations between the two countries ,” and noted that Japan felt it was “ in disregard of the spirit of the existing treaty between Japan and the United States .” The law was meant to discourage immigration, primarily of Japanese immigrants, and to create an inhospitable climate for immigrants already living in California.