Hannah Arendt traces the origins of the concept of freedom to the practice of politics in ancient Greece.

According to Arendt, the concept of freedom became associated with the Christian notion of freedom of the will, or inner freedom, around the 5th century C. E.

Arendt says that political freedom is historically opposed to sovereignty or will-power, since in ancient Greece and Rome, the concept of freedom was inseparable from performance, and did not arise as a conflict between the " will " and the " self.

This is opposed to the idea of freedom as the capacity to " begin anew ," which Arendt sees as a corollary to the innate human condition of natality, or our nature as " new beginnings and hence beginners.

Arendt argues that, while human life always evolves within societies, the social-being part of human nature, political life, was intentionally constructed by only a few of these societies as a space for individuals to achieve freedom through the construction of a common world.

Vīķe-Freiberga has received many medals and awards, including the 2005 Hannah Arendt Prize for political thought, the 2007 Emperor Otto Prize Prize for contributions in defining European identity and future, and the 2009 Friedrich-August-von-Hayek-Stiftung for promotion of freedom and free trade.

Arendt was criticized by many Jewish public figures, who charged her with coldness and lack of sympathy for the victims of the Shoah / Holocaust.

Hannah Arendt, one of the 20th century's most celebrated Jewish thinkers, made a dramatic accusation against the Judenräte in her 1963 book Eichmann in Jerusalem: She claimed that without the Judenrätes assistance in the registration of the Jews, their concentration in ghettos and, later, their active assistance in the Jews ' deportation to extermination camps, many fewer Jews would have perished because the Germans would have encountered considerable difficulties in drawing up lists of Jews.

According to Hans Jonas, her only German-Jewish classmate, Arendt embarked on a long and stormy romantic relationship with Heidegger, for which she was later criticized because of Heidegger's support for the Nazi party when he was rector of Freiburg University.

Because she was Jewish, Arendt was prevented from habilitating, a prerequisite for teaching in German universities.

Thereupon Arendt fled Germany for Paris.

Arendt also taught at the University of Chicago, where she was a member of the Committee on Social Thought ; The New School in New York City ; Yale University, where she was a fellow ; and, the Center for Advanced Studies at Wesleyan University ( 1961 – 1962, 1962 – 1963 ).

* The Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism is named in her honor.

" Hannah Arendt in her study of the " trial " of Adolf Eichmann in Jerusalem, notes that the accused, as with almost all his fellow Germans, had lost track of his conscience to the point where they hardly remembered it ; this wasn't caused by familiarity with atrocities or by psychologically redirecting any resultant natural pity to themselves for having to bear such an unpleasant duty, so much as by the fact that anyone whose conscience did develop doubts could see no one who shared them: " Eichmann did not need to close his ears to the voice of conscience ... not because he had none, but because his conscience spoke with a " respectable voice ", with the voice of the respectable society around him ".

Strauss joined a Jewish fraternity and worked for the German Zionist movement, which introduced him to various German Jewish intellectuals, such as Norbert Elias, Leo Löwenthal, Hannah Arendt and Walter Benjamin.

A manuscript of Benjamin's " On the Concept of History " was passed to Theodor Adorno by Hannah Arendt, who crossed the French-Spanish border at Portbou a few months later, and was subsequently published by the Institute for Social Research ( temporarily relocated to New York ) in 1942.

In Eichmann in Jerusalem, Hannah Arendt concluded that, aside from a desire for improving his career, Eichmann showed no trace of anti-Semitism or psychological damage.

In Marburg he met Hannah Arendt, who was also pursuing her PhD there, and the two of them were to remain friends for the rest of their lives.

The island is named for descendants of early Staten Island settler Arendt Jansen Prall Van Naarden ( c1647-1725 ), Dutch, Praal ; probably his grandson Abraham Prall ( 1706 – 1775 ) a local farmer.

Hannah Arendt, Albert Einstein, Thomas Mann, and Stefan Zweig wrote for the publication.

Homo faber ( Latin for " Man the Creator " in reference to homo sapiens meaning " wise man ") is a philosophical concept articulated by Hannah Arendt and Max Scheler that refers to humans as controlling the environment through tools.

* The Hannah Arendt Center for Research on Totalitarianism ( HAIT Hannah-Arendt-Institut für Totalitarismusforschung an der Technischen Universität Dresden e. V .)

( This position was taken by Hannah Arendt and Martin Buber, for example ).

Hannah Arendt is set for theatrical release in October 2012.

Although Arthur de Gobineau's An Essay on the Inequality of the Human Races ( 1853 – 1855 ) constitutes the first elaboration of " biological racism ", as opposed to Henri de Boulainvilliers ' anti-patriotic and anti-nationalist racism, Hannah Arendt traces the emergence of modern racism as an ideology to the Boers ', starting in particular during the Great Trek in the first half of the 19th century, and qualifies it as an " ideological weapon for imperialism ".

The Third Division ( 6 ) gunboats, Lieutenant Commander Arendt, departed from there on the evening of the 16th for Swinemünde.

Heidegger's former lover Hannah Arendt spoke on his behalf at this hearing, while Jaspers spoke against him.

In the wake of one of their breakups, Arendt moved to Heidelberg, where she wrote her dissertation, under the existentialist philosopher-psychologist Karl Jaspers, on the concept of love in the thought of Saint Augustine.

In her volume on Willing, Arendt, relying heavily on Augustine's notion of the will, discusses the will as an absolutely free mental faculty that makes new beginnings possible.

Nevertheless, although her notion of judging remains unknown, Arendt did leave manuscripts (" Thinking and Moral Considerations ," " Some Questions on Moral Philosophy ,") and lectures ( Lectures on Kant's Political Philosophy ) concerning her thoughts on this mental faculty.

* Villa, Dana ( 1999 ), Politics, Philosophy, Terror: Essays on the Thought of Hannah Arendt, Princeton University Press, ISBN 0-691-00935-X.

* Roger Berkowitz, Thomas Keenan, Jeffrey Katz, ed. Thinking in Dark Times: Hannah Arendt on Ethics and Politics Fordham University Press, 2009, ISBN 978-0-8232-3076-1

* The Hannah Arendt Papers collection at the Library of Congress contains her personal archive, with scanned portions available on the internet.

' Das Judentum ' is not quoted or mentioned by early writers on Nazism in the 1950s such as Hannah Arendt.

As Hannah Arendt pointed out, however, ( following the utilitarian John Stuart Mill on this point ): a bad conscience does not necessarily signify a bad character ; in fact only those who affirm a commitment to applying moral standards will be troubled with remorse, guilt or shame by a bad conscience and their need to regain integrity and wholeness of the self.

" Arendt believed that people who are unfamiliar with the process of silent critical reflection about what they say and do will not mind contradicting themselves by an immoral act or crime, since they can " count on its being forgotten the next moment ;" bad people are not full of regrets.

Arendt also wrote eloquently on the problem of languages distinguishing the word consciousness from conscience.

Hannah Arendt, who attended the complete Eichmann trial, concluded in her book Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil that, ' The trial revealed only that all rumours about Eichmann's connection with Haj Amin el Husseini, the former Mufti of Jerusalem, were unfounded.

As Hannah Arendt wrote in her book on the trial, Eichmann declared " with great emphasis that he had lived his whole life ... according to a Kantian definition of duty.

" Arendt considered this so " incomprehensible on the face of it " that it confirmed her sense that he wasn't really thinking at all, just mouthing accepted formulae, thereby establishing his banality.

Another interesting political theorist who provides negative view on the atmosphere that Mcdonaldization has created is Hannah Arendt Hannah Arendt.

Luxemburg was settled in the 1850s by the Arendt and Colle families on the north end of town and the Kaut and Merens families on the south side.