Through pressure from groups like the Democratic Front ( FD ) led by Aristide Menezes, the ban on political parties was lifted in 1991 and elections were held in 1994.

In September 1991 the army performed a coup against him ( 1991 Haitian coup d ' état ), led by Army General Raoul Cédras, who had been promoted by Aristide in June to Commander in Chief of the Army.

After Aristide took office in February 2001, the US played a leading role in forcing hundreds of millions of dollars in international aid to be cut off, while bolstering a minority opposition led by Haiti's tiny elite.

The US ignored pleas from the Aristide government for an international peacekeeping force as a motley band of armed thugs led by a suspected drug trafficker and fugitive death squad leaders overran more than half the country.

He made international headlines in 2004 when, as Chairman of CARICOM, he led the regional organization in the decision to refuse recognition of the Gérard Latortue government in Haiti following the removal of the democratically elected Jean-Bertrand Aristide from office.

By 1910, he had vacated his academic posts and World War I led to his active participation in military committees, joining Aristide Briand's cabinet in 1915 as Minister for Public Instruction and Inventions.

He led the 2004 Haitian coup d ' état that ousted Jean-Bertrand Aristide and he was a presidential candidate in the Haitian general election, 2006.

Once there, Steinlen was befriended by the painter Adolphe Willette who introduced him to the artistic crowd at Le Chat Noir that led to his commissions to do poster art for the cabaret owner / entertainer, Aristide Bruant and other commercial enterprises.

After the rebellion which led to the ouster of Aristide, Arcelin vowed to remain in Haiti to help restore the country.

Aristide announced his candidacy for the presidency and following a six-week campaign, during which he dubbed his followers the " Front National pour le Changement et la Démocratie " ( National Front for Change and Democracy, or FNCD ), the " little priest " was elected President in 1990 with 67 % of the vote.

In 1993, Constant, who had been on the CIA's payroll as an informant since 1992, organized the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ), which targeted and killed Aristide supporters.

Amiot's brother, Buteur Metayer, blamed Aristide for the assassination, and used this as an argument given in order to form the National Revolutionary Front for the Liberation of Haiti.

Kitchener was under pressure from French Prime Minister Aristide Briand ( 29 March 1916 ) for the British to attack on the Western Front to help relieve the pressure of the German attack at Verdun.

Major sculptors of the early 20th century, including Aristide Maillol, Constantin Brâncuşi, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth, and Isamu Noguchi, are represented by works in bronze, lead and marble sculptures throughout the galleries, the Front Garden, and in the extensive Sculpture Garden grounds.

He renamed the gang the " Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front " and participated in the seizure of the northern city of Gonaïves at the start of the rebellion against Haïtian President Jean-Bertrand Aristide on February 5, 2004.

In the early 2000s, Gonaïves was the scene of substantial rioting and violence primarily motivated by opposition to President Jean-Bertrand Aristide, and on February 5, 2004, a group calling itself the Revolutionary Artibonite Resistance Front seized control of the city, starting the 2004 Haïtian rebellion.

" Throughout August the army and its paramilitary ally, the ' Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti ', continued to presumably murder some Aristide supporters while organizing parades of " volunteers " to fight an invasion.

Together with Aristide Blank and Max Auschnitt, he was one of the major businessmen present in the king's camarilla ( see National Renaissance Front ); such political connections also implied that his success was partly ensured by preferential deals agreed with the state, and in some cases by the placement of inferior products on a captive market.

In mid-1993, two years after the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état, Constant set-up a Haitian death squad known as the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ) to terrorize supporters of exiled president Jean-Bertrand Aristide.

On April 22, 1994, during the 1991-1994 de facto military dictatorship that came to power following the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état against Jean-Bertrand Aristide, a group of Aristide supporters were beaten and killed by civilian and para-military forces ( including the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haiti, FRAPH ).

He was the first journalist to write that paramilitary forces of the former Haitian military and the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ), operating in the neighboring Dominican Republic, were being used as part of a larger strategy to oust the government of President Jean-Bertrand Aristide in April 2003.

The presidential election, held on 16 December, resulted in a victory for Jean-Bertrand Aristide of the National Front for Change and Democracy ( FCND ), whilst the FCND also won the parliamentary elections in which voter turnout was 50. 8 %.

He blamed the Front for the Advancement and Progress of Haïti ( FRAPH ), a death squad backed by the army that targeted Aristide supporters.

Further instability ensued, with several massacres, including the St Jean Bosco massacre in which the church of Jean-Bertrand Aristide was attacked and burned down.

In late 1996, Aristide broke with Préval and formed a new political party, the Lavalas Family ( Fanmi Lavalas, FL ), which won elections in April 1997 for one-third of the Senate and local assemblies, but these results were not accepted by the government.

Although Aristide accepted the plan, it was rejected by the opposition, which mostly consisted of Haitian businessmen and former members of the army ( who sought to reinstate the military following Aristide's disbandment of it ).

After the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état which toppled Aristide for the first time, members of the coup regime, notably Chief of National Police Michel François, were accused of drug smuggling.

This plot, launched with the full knowledge of Nivelle and the French Prime Minister Aristide Briand, was announced in guarded terms at a War Cabinet meeting on 24 February, to which neither Robertson nor Lord Derby ( Secretary of State for War ) had been invited, then landed on Robertson and Haig without warning at an Anglo-French conference at Calais ( 26-7 Feb ).

Aristide was unexpectedly ousted in a 29 February 2004 coup d ' état, in which former soldiers participated.

Aristide appealed the decision, saying: " The crime of which I stand accused is the crime of preaching food for all men and women.

The Administration also urged Aristide to stick closely to neoliberal economics and to abide by the Caribbean nation ’ s constitution — which gives substantial political power to the Parliament while imposing tight limits on the Executive.

On 21 December 2007, a speech by Aristide marking the new year and Haiti's Independence Day was broadcast, the fourth such speech since his exile ; in the speech he criticized the 2006 presidential election in which Préval was elected, describing it as a " selection ," in which " the knife of treason was planted " in the back of the Haitian people.

Dominican President Leonel Fernandez gave a speech in front of other regional leaders in which he said Aristide commanded " great popular support " within Haiti and called for his inclusion in the country ’ s democratic future.

* Aristide and the endless revolution, film by filmmaker Nicolas Rossier which investigates the events leading up to the 2004 coup against Aristide

Of ten 78-rpm discs which Tournemire made in 1930, playing the Aristide Cavaillé-Coll organ of Sainte-Clotilde ( Polydor 561047, 561048, 566057, 566058, 566059 ), five contain Franck compositions.

In L ' argent ( which opens in 1864 ), Eugène's refusal to help his brother Aristide after a financial setback by the latter is the catalyst for the novel, spurring Aristide to ruthless and unethical speculations that eventually lead to the financial ruination of thousands.

Arguably, his most notable achievement was reconciliation between Germany and France, for which he and Aristide Briand received the Peace Prize.

Two main reasons for its creation are known: ( 1 ) to allow the Lavalas movement to remain inclusive while opposing the neo-liberal policies of the foreign-influenced OPL, which was one of the conditions for Aristide's return to power in 1994 ; ( 2 ) to prevent rival politicians from taking over the movement's leadership from Aristide and other more left-wing leaders.

In 1955, art collectors James and Marvelle Adams gave Indiana University a terracotta bust by Aristide Maillol, which inspired Hope to revive the goal to create a permanent collection for an IU Art Museum.

In March 2004, following a successful rebellion against Aristide in February ( of which Buteur Métayer, Amiot's brother, was a leader ), newly appointed Haïtian prime minister Gérard Latortue visited Gonaïves and paid tribute to Métayer, calling for a moment of silence to remember him.

The chief result of this conference was a decision to hold a general European conference at Genoa, and Aristide Briand, the French premier, signed with the British prime minister, David Lloyd George, a draft pact of guarantee which stated that " guarantees for the security of France against a future invasion by Germany are indispensable to the restoration of stability in Europe, to the security of Great Britain, and the peace of the world.

Civilian elections did take place in 1990 ( Haitian general election, 1990 – 1991 ), in which Jean-Bertrand Aristide was elected, but the 1991 Haitian coup d ' état, in which Chamblain was involved, overthrew Aristide just eight months later.