Some traditions hold that Aristobulus of Britannia, one of the Seventy Disciples, was the brother of Barnabas.

The next year, he was summoned by Aulus Gabinius, proconsul of Syria, to take part in the campaigns against Aristobulus II in Judea, as the commander of a Gallic cavalry regiment.

Aristobulus III ( 53 BC – 36 BC ) was the last scion of the Hasmonean royal house, brother of Herod the Great's wife Mariamne, and paternal grandson of Aristobulus II.

Soon afterwards he was convicted, through the information of his brother Aristobulus, of having received a bribe from the Damascenes, who wished to purchase his influence with the proconsul, and was again compelled to flee.

Berenice was born in 28 to Herod Agrippa and Cypros, as granddaughter to Aristobulus IV and great-granddaughter to Herod the Great.

Arrian was able to use sources which are now mostly lost, such as the contemporary works by Callisthenes ( the nephew of Alexander's tutor Aristotle ), Onesicritus, Nearchus and Aristobulus.

Aristobulus, for example, was known as kolax ( κόλαξ ), the flatterer, while other sources were hostile or had political agendas.

Aristobulus was the first Hasmonean to take the title basilieus, asserting the new-found independence of the state.

Alexander Jannaeus ' son, Hyrcanus II, had scarcely reigned three months when his younger brother, Aristobulus II, rose in rebellion, whereupon Hyrcanus advanced against him at the head of an army of mercenaries and his Pharisee followers: " NOW Hyrcanus was heir to the kingdom, and to him did his mother commit it before she died ; but Aristobulus was superior to him in power and magnanimity ; and when there was a battle between them, to decide the dispute about the kingdom, near Jericho, the greatest part deserted Hyrcanus, and went over to Aristobulus.

" i. 291, note 2 ), but was to enjoy the revenues of the latter office: " but Hyrcanus, with those of his party who stayed with him, fled to Antonia, and got into his power the hostages ( which were Aristobulus's wife, with her children ) that he might perservere ; but the parties came to an agreement before things should come to extremes, that Aristobulus should be king, and Hyrcanus should resign, but retain all the rest of his dignities, as being the king's brother.

He accordingly began to impress upon Hyrcanus ' mind that Aristobulus was planning his death, finally persuading him to take refuge with Aretas, king of the Nabatæans.

Aretas was ordered to withdraw his army from Judea, and while retreating suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Aristobulus.

He took the same view of Hyrcanus ' ability, and was moved by much the same motives as Antipater: as a ward of Rome, Hyrcanus would be more acceptable than Aristobulus.

Aristobulus was taken to Rome a prisoner, and Hyrcanus was reappointed High Priest, but without political authority.

* Massacre of over 12, 000 Jews on the Temple Mount in Jerusalem by Roman troops, in support of John Hyrcanus II against Aristobulus II.

Although Pompey and his lieutenant Scaurus initially ruled in Aristobulus ’ favor when the brothers brought their case forward, on the third intervention Pompey ordered the brothers to wait.

Both Strabo and Arrian give nearly equal descriptions of the tomb, based on the eyewitness report of Aristobulus of Cassandreia, who at the request of Alexander the Great visited the tomb two times.

Under Aristobulus ’ reign, the name of the Jewish community or counsel of the Jews became “ Hever ha-Yehhdim ” and in the Greek, the “ Sanhedrin .” The identity of ‘ the community of the Jews ’ may have been on his coins, but their title, like his crown, was seen and spoken in Greek terms.

* Alexander of Judaea, son of Aristobulus II, king of Judaea

The wife of Aristobulus I, and afterward of Alexander Jannaeus, she was the last woman ruler of Judaea, and the last ruler of ancient Judaea to die as the ruler of an independent kingdom.

The Queen of Judaea Salome Alexandra had recently died and her sons, Hyrcanus II and Aristobulus II, divided against each other in a civil war.

Hippolytus ( AD 170 – 236 ), considered to have been one of the most learned Christian historians, puts names to the seventy disciples whom Jesus sent forth in Luke 10, includes Aristobulus of Romans 16: 10 with Joseph, and states that he ended up becoming a pastor in Britain.

But his mother Alexandra Maccabeus ( 63 BC – 28 BC ), through intercession with Cleopatra and Mark Antony, compelled Herod to remove Hananel from the office of High Priest and appoint Aristobulus instead.

The scholarly consensus is that Arrian's work is to a considerable extent a reworking of Ptolemy ; albeit with material from other writers, particularly Aristobulus, brought in where Arrian thought them useful.

He desired that his wife succeed him as head of the government, with his eldest of five sons, Aristobulus I, becoming only the high-priest.

During Gabinius ' absence in Egypt, Syria had been devastated by robbers, and Alexander, son of Aristobulus, had again taken up arms with the object of depriving Hyrcanus II of the high-priesthood.

Aristobulus of Cassandreia, a Greek historian who traveled to India with the expedition of Alexander the Great, recorded the practice of sati at the city of Taxila.

The two men had such a relationship that Antipater entrusted his children to his friend when he went to war with the Hasmonean Aristobulus II.

Antipater insinuated himself into the party of Hyrcanus II in his contest for power with his younger brother Aristobulus II.

Josephus notes that with his newfound rights and honors, Antipater immediately began to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem that Pompey had destroyed when subduing Aristobulus.

As well, she did not abstain from actual warfare ; she sent her son Aristobulus with an army to besiege Damascus, then beleaguered by Ptolemy Menneus.

Reverse of a Roman denarius of Aulus Plautius from about 55 BCE with inscription " Bacchius Judaeus ", pertaining to Aristobulus II in the Hasmonean era

: For other people with this name, see Aristobulus ( disambiguation )

Aristobulus agreed with his father's Sadducean stance and rebelled against his elder brother.

This agreement however did not last, as Hyrcanus feared that Aristobulus was planning his death and took refuge with Aretas III, King of the Nabataeans.

Marc Antony was the man who scaled Aristobulus ' fortification and subdued his forces with several men.

Hyrcanus had scarcely reigned three months when his younger brother Aristobulus II, who agreed with his father's Sadducean stance, rose in rebellion.

In 40 BC, Aristobulus ' son Antigonus allied himself with the Parthians and was proclaimed King and High Priest.

** Aristobulus IV, Judean Prince ( son of Herod the Great )

* Battle at Mount Tabor in Judea: Roman troops, commanded by Gabinius, defeat the forces of Alexander, son of Aristobulus II of Judea, attempting to re-establish Judean independence.

The grandson of Herod the Great and son of Aristobulus IV and Berenice.

Upon her death her elder son Hyrcanus sought support from Pharisees, and her younger son, Aristobulus, sought the support of the Sadducees.

Upon her death her elder son, Hyrcanus, sought Pharisee support, and her younger son, Aristobulus, sought the support of the Sadducees.

Aristobulus III, grandson of Aristobulus II through his elder son Alexander, was briefly made high priest, but was soon executed ( 36 BCE ) due to Herod's jealousy.

The later Herodian rulers Agrippa I and Agrippa II both had Hasmonean blood, as Agrippa I's father was Aristobulus IV, son of Herod by Mariamne I, but they were not direct male descendants, unless Herod was understood as a Hasmonean as per the following synthesis:

Aristobulus, the son of Herod, the brother of Agrippa, married her ; they had three sons, Herod, Agrippa, and Aristobulus ;

* 40 BCE: Antigonus, son of Hasmonean Aristobulus II and nephew of Hyrcanus II, offers money to the Parthian army to help him recapture the Hasmonean realm from the Romans.

It was ruled by Simon the son of Matisyahu ; then by his son Yochanan who started minting coins ; then by his son Yehuda Aristobolus ; then by his wife Salome Alexandra ; then by his brother Alexander Yannai ; then by his sons Hyrcanus and Aristobulus.

Later when accused by Aristobulus ’ son, Antigonus, who returns from Roman bondage to contest for power, Antipater made a great scene of his scars from fighting for Caesar ’ s life in Egypt.

Salome Alexandra's oldest son by Alexander Jannaeus was Hyrcanus II who fought his younger brother Aristobulus II in the 60's BC over the Jewish High Priesthood.

Her son Aristobulus endeavored to seize the government, and succeeded her after her death.