Aristocratic women managed a large and complex household.

Aristocratic women, hitherto unaccustomed to dining in public, were now " seen in full regalia in the Savoy dining and supper rooms ".

Aristocratic French women in the 17th century reportedly bathed in urine to beautify their skin.

) Aristocratic women sought to immortalise their breasts in paint, as in the case of Simonetta Vespucci, whose portrait with exposed breasts was painted by Piero di Cosimo in c. 1480.

Aristocratic oligarchies may also develop traditions of public lists of virtues they believe appropriate in the governing class, but these virtues differ significantly from those generally identified under the category of civic virtue, stressing martial courage over commercial honesty.

Aristocratic estates of Tibet were called sger gzhis () and the aristocratic lords called sgar pa ( or ) were, like in India and Europe, the upper caste of the Tibetan society.

Aristocratic houses were adapted from the simple buke-zukuri style to resemble the earlier shinden-sukuri style.

Aristocratic titles were still given by the imperial power but hereditary and life peerages were to be awarded upon the advice of the Prime Minister who, in case of emergency, could seek the appointment of new members to secure the passage of a particular piece of legislation ( Janos 99 ).

The elections of 1912 were the most passionate ones of the so-called Aristocratic Republic ( a term coined by Peruvians referring to those in power that were mostly from the social elite of the country ).

*" Lord Longford: Aristocratic moral crusader ".

A respected member of the Peruvian Elite and López de Romaña Family, he was the first engineer to become President of the Republic, and one of several Presidents from the Civilista Party during the era of the " Aristocratic Republic ".

In 1873 she gained membership of the British Medical Association and remained the only woman member for 19 years, due to the Association's vote against the admission of further women – " one of several instances where Garrett, uniquely, was able to enter a hitherto all male medical institution which subsequently moved formally to exclude any women who might seek to follow her.

Primary and secondary education had hitherto been denied to women but the Education Act 1870 imposed compulsory education for girls as well as boys.

( The men had hitherto had little involvement with cultivation ; in fact, the women continued to be responsible for the cultivation of subsistence crops.

In 1968 the EEOC, following two years of protests by NOW, banned all help wanted ads which specified which sex a job applicant should be, except those jobs for which being a certain sex was a bona fide occupational requirement ( such as actress ), opening many hitherto unattainable jobs to women.

Brownmiller argues that rape had been hitherto defined by men rather than women, and that men use, and all men benefit from the use of, rape as a means of perpetuating male dominance by keeping all women in a state of fear.

Women with persistent abnormal vaginal bleeding after any pregnancy, and women developing acute respiratory or neurological symptoms after any pregnancy, should also undergo hCG testing, because these may be signs of a hitherto undiagnosed GTD.

The spoils of battle, including the enslaved women and children of the tribe, were divided up among the Islamic warriors that had participated in the siege and among the emigrees from Mecca ( who had hitherto depended on the help of the Muslims native to Medina.

Large numbers of women are widowed and have had to assume unaccustomed and nontraditional roles as family breadwinners.

Many mobile mammography vans prioritize serving uninsured, low-income and / or non-English-speaking women who otherwise could not otherwise afford a mammogram or who are unaccustomed to seeing a doctor.

Traditionally, women would dine sitting upright across from their husbands or fathers in chairs.

" James Galanos designs for wealthy women who go to luncheons and cocktail parties, dine at the finest restaurants and are invited to the best parties ," reported The New York Times.

Violations of the law against hubris included what would today be termed assault and battery ; sexual crimes ranging from forcible rape of women or children to consensual but improper activities ; or the theft of public or sacred property.

On one occasion, Galba's mother-in-law gave Agrippina, in a whole bevy of married women, a public reprimand and a slap in the face.

At Sparta women competed in public exercise — so in Aristophanes ' Lysistrata the Athenian women admire the tanned, muscular bodies of their Spartan counterparts — and women could own property in their own right, as they could not at Athens.

Islam forbids women from exposing their breasts in public.

In some third-world cultures, like the Himba in northern Namibia, bare-breasted women are the social norm, while a woman's thigh is highly sexualised and not exposed in public.

In the United States, women who breast-feed in public can receive negative attention.

There have been instances where women have been asked to leave public venues.

Bare-breasted women are legal and culturally acceptable at public beaches in Australia and much of Europe.

Although women in Djibouti enjoy a higher public status than in many other Islamic countries, women's rights and family planning face difficult challenges, many stemming from poverty.

In 1995, musicologist Steve Knopoff observed Yirrkala women performing djatpangarri songs that are traditionally performed by men and in 1996, ethnomusicologist Elizabeth MacKinley reported women of the Yanyuwa group giving public performances.

The Canadian dominatrix Terri-Jean Bedford, who was one of three women who initiated an application in the Ontario Superior Court seeking invalidation of Canada's laws regarding brothels, sought to differentiate for clarity her occupation as a dominatrix rather than a prostitute to the media, due to frequent misunderstanding and conflation by the public of the two terms.

Following the birth of Princess Aiko, there was public debate about amending the current Imperial Household Law to allow women to succeed to the throne.

Anna Douglass remained a loyal supporter of her husband's public work, even though Douglass ' relationships with Julia Griffiths and Ottilie Assing, two women he was professionally involved with, caused recurring speculation and scandals.

The Manifesto supported the creation of universal suffrage for both men and women ( the latter being realized only partly in late 1925, with all opposition parties banned or disbanded ); proportional representation on a regional basis ; government representation through a corporatist system of " National Councils " of experts, selected from professionals and tradespeople, elected to represent and hold legislative power over their respective areas, including labour, industry, transportation, public health, communications, etc.

Roland attributed women ’ s lack of education to the public view that women were too weak or vain to be involved in the serious business of politics.

After the collapse of the First Empire in 1815, the French public lost the rights and privileges earned since the Revolution, but they remembered the participatory politics that characterized the period, with one historian commenting: " Thousands of men and even many women gained firsthand experience in the political arena: they talked, read, and listened in new ways ; they voted ; they joined new organizations ; and they marched for their political goals.

As Germany prepared for war, large numbers were incorporated into the public sector and with the need for full mobilization of factories by 1943, all women were required to register with the employment office.

The acceptance of artificial methods of birth control is then claimed to result in several negative consequences, among them a " general lowering of moral standards " resulting from sex without consequences, and the danger that men may reduce women " to being a mere instrument for the satisfaction of own desires "; finally, abuse of power by public authorities, and a false sense of autonomy.

Violations of the law against hubris included what might today be termed assault and battery ; sexual crimes ranging from rape of women or children to consensual but improper activity, in particular anal sex with a free man or with an unconsenting and / or under-aged boy ; or the theft of public or sacred property.

Books, works of art, mirrors, cosmetics, sculptures, gaming tables, chess pieces, musical instruments, fine dresses and women ’ s hats were burnt in public view.

The private sphere as Rousseau imagines it depends on the subordination of women, in order for both it and the public political sphere ( upon which it depends ) to function as Rousseau imagines it could and should.