Arnulf took advantage of the problems in West Francia upon the death of Charles The Fat to secure the territory of Lorraine, which he converted into a kingdom for his son, Zwentibold.

Arnulf then took advantage of the fighting that followed between Odo and Charles in 894, taking territory from West Francia and transferring it to his dominion.

Although Arnulf was numerically superior and was supported by King Philip I of France, Robert was able to defeat his rival's army and took the title of Count of Flanders with the acquiescence of Philip I after a further five years of struggle.

However, in 933 Adeloft died, and Arnulf took the countship of Boulogne for himself, but later conveyed it to his nephew, Arnulf II.

Herbert and Arnulf I of Flanders joined him this time and they took Eu, but were ambushed near Fauquembergues and the king was wounded, the Count of Ponthieu killed, and many Normans left dead on the field.

Their king took his daughter away from Arnulf and gave the wanton girl in unlawful marriage to one of his cousins.

On Arnulf's death in 965, Lothair invaded Flanders and took many cities, but was eventually repulsed by the supporters of Arnulf II.

Zwentibold's retreat was nonetheless seen as a failure, and on hearing the news of the retreat, Arnulf summoned a new army and personally led it to Italy and took Pavia a few months later.

In 894, Arnulf and Berengar defeated Guy at Bergamo and took control of Pavia and Milan.

The pope therefore took the next opportunity to oppose Guy by supporting Arnulf of Carinthia for the Italian and imperial titles.

The Montgomery brothers fought under Muirchertach during his campaign with Magnus Barelegs, but when de Montgomery attempted to seize the kingship for himself, Muirchertach " took his daughter away from Arnulf and gave the wanton girl in an unlawful marriage to one of his cousins.

Arnulf then proceeded to exile to Bavaria two leading senators, Constantine and Stephen, who had helped Ageltrude seize the city.

Chief among these leading men were Warnachar II, Rado, Arnulf, and Pepin.

This was a political move as repayment for the support of Bishop Arnulf of Metz and Pepin I, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, the two leading Austrasian nobles, who were effectively granted semi-autonomy.

During this papacy, a serious dispute arose over the deposition in 991 of Arnulf, Archbishop of Reims, by French churchmen, the Pope's interference leading at first to no definite result.

Berengar, in order to prevent a war, sent dignitaries ( leading men ) ahead to meet Arnulf.

In 1040 comes mention of a " county of Haspinga in the pagus Haspengouw ", but this time mentioning the brother of Giselbert, Arnulf, leading some to think that Giselbert had died, and his brother had taken over, while others think that the two brothers ruled together during their lifetimes, and some believe they ruled two different parts of Haspengouw.

Arnulf of Montgomery ( c. 1068 – 1118 / 1122 ) was an Anglo-Norman aristocrat, who played a role in the history of England, Wales, and Ireland.

Hugh, however, considered Arnulf a turncoat and demanded his deposition by Pope John XV.

Through the exertions of the legate, the deposition of Arnulf was finally pronounced illegal.

Hugh, however, considered Arnulf a turncoat and demanded his deposition by John XV.

Through the exertions of the legate, the deposition of Arnulf was finally pronounced illegal.

Berengar was the only one of the reguli ( petty kings ) to crop up in the aftermath of Charles ' deposition besides Arnulf of Carinthia, his deposer, who was made king before the emperor's death.

The prime mover behind Charles ' deposition was Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 899 ), an illegitimate son of Carloman, who had grown up in the Carantanian march of Bavaria.

Arnulf therefore selected the attractive 23-year-old Zoe, to which her uncle, Basil II agreed.

Upon the death of his father in 1067, Baldwin VI became the ruler of both counties, succeeded by his son Arnulf III who died in an inheritance conflict with his uncle Robert I the Frisian at the 1071 Battle of Cassel.

Arnulf of Carinthia ( 850 – 8 December 899 ) was the Carolingian King of East Francia from 887, the disputed King of Italy from 894 and the disputed Holy Roman Emperor from 22 February 896 until his death.

While Pope Stephen V supported Guy, crowning him Roman Emperor in 891, Arnulf threw his support behind Berengar.

He was ordained as a subdeacon by Pope Marinus I, followed by his being raised to the deaconate by Pope Stephen V. During the pontificate of Pope Formosus ( 891 – 896 ), he was a member of the party of nobles who supported the Emperor Lambert, who was the opponent of Formosus and the pope ’ s preferred imperial candidate, Arnulf of Carinthia.

Under Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, Carantania, now ruled by a mixed Bavarian-Slav nobility, shortly emerged as a regional power, but was destroyed by the Hungarian invasions in the late 9th century.

Louis was the only legitimate son of the Emperor Arnulf and his wife, Ota, a member of the Conradine Dynasty.

That same year Hugh, along with Herbert II of Vermandois, Arnulf I, Count of Flanders and Duke William Longsword paid homage to the Emperor Otto the Great, and supported him in his struggle against Louis.

Yet Formosus renewed his invitation to Arnulf in 895, and early the next year Arnulf crossed the Alps and entered Rome, where Formosus crowned him as Holy Roman Emperor.

Zwentibold ( 1 January 871 – 13 August 900 ) was the illegitimate son of the Carolingian Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia.

The principality was later dissolved and integrated in the Kingdom of Carantania established by the German Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia.

# Arnulf of Carinthia-Holy Roman Emperor

Although, at least according to the testimony of the Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus, Svatopluk had made a deathbed request to his sons that they remain united, after his death internal disagreements between his sons, Mojmír II and Svatopluk II were fostered by Arnulf.

The falling out between Berengar and Arnulf, who was crowned Emperor in Rome by Pope Formosus, has been likened to that between Berengar II and Otto I more than half a century later.

Arnulf was there crowned King and Emperor by Formosus, who declared Lambert deposed.

Arnulf nevertheless was stuck in the ongoing conflict with the Vikings and in 891 Berengar's rival Duke Guy III of Spoleto had declared himself King of Italy and even forced Pope Stephen V to crown him as the new Emperor.

He was a regional prince and his overlords, Louis the Younger and Emperor Arnulf of Carinthia, with both of whom he was on good terms, rarely interfered in Saxony.