Haeckel studied under Karl Gegenbaur at the University of Jena for three years, earning a doctorate in zoology, before becoming a professor of comparative anatomy at the University of Jena, where he remained for 47 years, from 1862 to 1909.

Although Haeckel stressed comparative embryology and Gegenbaur promoted the comparison of adult structures, both believed that the two methods could work in conjunction to produce the goal of evolutionary morphology.

Karl Gegenbaur ( 21 August 1826-14 June 1903 ) was a German anatomist and professor who demonstrated that the field of comparative anatomy offers important evidence supporting of the theory of evolution.

While recognizing the importance of comparative embryology in the study of descent, Gegenbaur laid stress on the higher value of comparative anatomy as the basis of the study of homologies, i. e. of the relations between corresponding parts in different animals, as, for example, the arm of man, with the foreleg of a horse, and with the wing of a fowl.

He studied with Karl Gegenbaur and published his studies in comparative anatomy in Untersuchungen zur Morphologie und Systematik der Vögel, 1888.

As a professor of anatomy at the University of Jena ( 1855 – 1873 ) and at the University of Heidelberg ( 1873 – 1903 ), Carl Gegenbaur was a strong supporter of Charles Darwin's theory of organic evolution, having taught and worked, beginning in 1858, with Ernst Haeckel, 8 years his junior.

In 1873, Carl Gegenbaur was appointed to Heidelberg, where he was professor of anatomy and director of the Anatomical Institute until his retirement in 1901.

From 1899 Goldschmidt studied anatomy and zoology at the University of Heidelberg with Otto Bütschli and Carl Gegenbaur.

In determining the relationships between " phylogenetic linkages " and " evolutionary laws of form ," both Gegenbaur and Haeckel relied on a method of comparison.

This manual, though slighter than the subsequent works of Cuvier, Carus, and others, and not to be compared with such later expositions as that of Gegenbaur, was long esteemed for the accuracy of the author's own observations, and his just appreciation of the labors of his predecessors.

* 1826 – Karl Gegenbaur, German anatomist ( d. 1903 )

One of Haeckel's earliest proponents was Carl Gegenbaur at the University of Jena ( 1865 – 1873 ), during which both men were absorbing the impact of Darwin's theory.

In early 1868, Thomas Huxley compared the two species and, following earlier suggestions by Karl Gegenbaur and Edward Drinker Cope, concluded that, apart from its arms and feathers, the Archaeopteryx skeleton was closely similar to Compsognathus, and that the proto-bird was related to the dinosaurs.

Japetus Steenstrup was a professor to zoologist Johan Erik Vesti Boas, who was also a student of zoologist Carl Gegenbaur, and Hans Christian Gram, inventor of the Gram stain.

* Pneumodermopsis ciliata ( Gegenbaur, 1855 )-Distribution: circumglobal, Oceanic.

Carl Gegenbaur noted that the most reliable clue to evolutionary history is homology, the comparison of anatomical parts which have a common evolutionary origin.

Carl Gegenbaur was born in Würzburg, Bavaria in 1826, and he entered the University of Würzburg as a student in 1845.

The work by which Gegenbaur is best known is his Grundriss der vergleichenden Anatomie ( Leipzig, 1874 ; 2nd edition, 1878 ), translated into English by W. F. Jeffrey Bell ( as Elements of Comparative Anatomy, 1878 ), with additions by E. Ray Lankester.

Huxley demonstrated that the skull is built up of cartilaginous pieces ; Gegenbaur showed that in the lowest ( gristly ) fishes, where hints of the original vertebrae might be most expected, the skull is an unsegmented gristly brain-box, and that in higher forms, the vertebral nature of the skull cannot be maintained, since many of the bones, notably those along the top of the skull, arise in the skin.

Ernst Haeckel expanded on the ideas of Gegenbaur while advocating the concepts of Charles Darwin.

Carl Gegenbaur also influenced his students, including: Max Fürbringer, Richard Hertwig, Oskar Hertwig, Emil Rosenberg, Ambrosius Hubrecht, Johan Erik Vesti Boas ( 1855 – 1935 ), Hans Friedrich Gadow, Georg Ruge M. Sagemehl, N. Goronowitsch, H. K. Corning, C. Röse and S. Paulli.

Spitzer argued that " mental disorders are a subset of medical disorders " but the task force decided on the DSM statement: " Each of the mental disorders is conceptualized as a clinically significant behavioral or psychological syndrome.

" The signatories pledged their loyalty to the pope, but argued that the teaching office of pope and bishops " cannot and must not supersede, hamper and impede the teaching task of theologians as scholars.

The Swiss psychoanalyst Carl Jung argued that archetypal processes such as death and resurrection were part of the " trans-personal symbolism " of the collective unconscious, and could be utilized in the task of psychological integration.

After Argentina invaded the Falkland Islands in April 1982, Benn argued that the dispute should be settled by the United Nations and that the British Government should not send a task force to recapture the islands.

Some have argued that if the world is not entirely governed by natural law, then the task of science is rendered impossible.

Writing in the psychoanalytic tradition, Kernberg argued that failure to achieve the developmental task of psychic clarification of self and other can result in an increased risk to develop varieties of psychosis, while failure to overcome splitting results in an increased risk to develop a borderline personality.

Bukharin argued that Russia's pre-existing economic base was sufficient for the task at hand, provided the USSR could be militarily defended.

Frederick Winslow Taylor ’ s 1911 book, Principles of Scientific Management, argued that there was a single best way to perform any given work task.

But Lenin argued that a revolution of the workers and peasants would achieve this task.

After the Russian revolution of 1905, Leon Trotsky argued that unlike the French revolution of 1789 and the European Revolutions of 1848 against absolutism, the capitalist class would never organise a revolution in Russia to overthrow absolutism, and that this task fell to the working class who, liberating the peasantry from their feudal yoke, would then immediately pass on to the socialist tasks and seek a " permanent revolution " to achieve international socialism.

Though a liberal, he argued for judicial restraint in interpreting the Constitution, and regarded the advancement of civil liberties as a task for the legislature, not the courts.

Economist Leon Keyserling argued that the liberal task was to spread the benefits of abundance throughout society by stimulating economic growth.

Related to this, he has argued that while a very crucial task of socialism will be to figure out how to transform the economy in order to employ, feed and house people and in general take care of society ’ s and people ’ s material requirements, and while doing all this continue to overcome the scars of the capitalist past, that a new dimension needs to be brought forward ( even as compared to the Soviet Union and China during the period when he considered them genuine revolutionary societies ) of what socialism will look like:

It is either argued that the amount of time taken to perform this task or the amount of interference this task involves cause decay.

But Gold's notion of Amichai's ' poetics of camouflage ' rests on an entirely unexamined assumption-that it is the task of the poet to represent his life directly and in full …" However, Gold argued that Amichai only wrote extensively about Wuerzburg in his novel because it was not his primary genre and therefore would be read by fewer people.

However with the Unionist parties fighting fiercely, Ford faced the difficult task of convincing voters that a vote for the Alliance was not wasted, especially when many who supported the Agreement argued that the best realistic result for maintaining it would be for Burnside to win the seat.

Captain King argued that guerre-de-course German fleet of Panzerschiffe, cruisers, and U-boats operating in task forces would be highly dangerous for the Royal Navy, and that a German “ balanced fleet ” that would be a mirror image of the Royal Navy would be the least dangerous form the German Navy could take.

Kautsky argued that because capitalism by its very nature must collapse, the immediate task for socialists was to work for the improvement of workers ' lives rather than for the revolution, which was inevitable.

( In particular, it is argued that long-lived domain objects in application code ought not to exist ; any such objects that do exist should be created when a query is made and disposed of when a transaction or task is complete ).

The Bermudian Government had long ignored these pleas, but needed the approval of the UK Government to allow US investment in the Princess, as well as to widen the channel into St. George's ( necessary to allow that port to continue to thrive in an age where ships had grown too large to safely use the existing channel, but which it was argued would make an invader's task easier ).