On December 21, 1995, Israeli troops withdrew from Bethlehem, and three days later the city came under the complete administration and military control of the Palestinian National Authority in conformance with the Interim Agreement on the West Bank and the Gaza Strip in 1995.

In 2002, it was a primary combat zone in Operation Defensive Shield, a major military offensive by the Israeli Defense Forces ( IDF ).

Since the beginning of the second Intifada the DFLP has carried out a number of shooting attacks against Israeli targets, such as the 25 August 2001 attack on a military base in Gaza that killed three Israeli soldiers and wounded seven others.

Before the Israeli military occupied Sinai during the June 1967 War ( Arab-Israeli war, also known as the Six-Day War ), a single Egyptian governorate administered the whole peninsula.

However, Eritrea condemned Israeli military action during the 2008 – 2009 Israel – Gaza conflict.

The Gaza Strip remained under Israeli military administration until 1994.

The Second Intifada broke out in September 2000 with its waves of protest, civil unrest and bombings against Israeli military and civilians, many of them perpetrated by suicide bombers, and the beginning of rockets and bombings of Israeli border localities by Palestinian guerrillas from Gaza Strip, especially from Hamas and Jihad Islamic movements.

Under the plan, all Israeli settlements in the Gaza Strip ( and four in the West Bank ) and the joint Israeli-Palestinian Erez Industrial Zone were dismantled with the removal of all 9, 000 Israeli settlers ( most of them in the Gush Katif settlement area in the Strip's southwest ) and military bases.

On 12 September 2005 the Israeli cabinet formally declared an end to Israeli military occupation of the Gaza Strip.

If rule over the territory was to be transferred to the kingdom, it would only " replace Israeli military rule with Jordanian military rule ... and the Palestinians want their own state ".

While modern M16s and equipment are standard issue, much of the secondary equipment used by the Ghanaian military is generally older than that used in Western military forces, and Ghanaian troops frequently rely on British, Brazilian, Swiss, Swedish, Israeli, and Finnish weaponry.

Following the end of the Israeli occupation of Lebanon in 2000, its military strength grew significantly.

Over 100 Lebanese refugees were killed by the shelling of a UN base at Qana, in what the Israeli military said was a mistake.

The principal parties were Hezbollah paramilitary forces and the Israeli military.

These areas are placed under Israeli military occupation and are widely referred to as Israeli-occupied territories.

The city is in an enclave of the Jordan Valley that is in Area A of the West Bank, while the surrounding area is designated as being in Area C under full Israeli military control.

* Kata ( company ), an Israeli company manufacturing photo equipment protection cases and military items

In the south, military exchanges between Israel and the PLO led Israel to support Saad Haddad's South Lebanon Army ( SLA ) in an effort to establish a security belt along Israel's northern border, an effort which intensified in 1977 with the election of new Israeli prime minister Menachem Begin.

The Syrian military and intelligence presence in Lebanon was criticised by some on Lebanon's right-wing inside and outside of the country, others believed it helped to prevent renewed civil war and discourage Israeli aggression, and others believed its presence and influence was helpful for Lebanese stability and peace but should be scaled back.

The War can be divided broadly into several periods: The initial outbreak in the mid-1970s, the Syrian and then Israeli intervention of the late 1970s, escalation of the PLO-Israeli conflict in the early 1980s, the 1982 Israeli invasion, a brief period of multinational involvement, and finally resolution which took the form of Syrian occupation.

Israel responded to the killers ' release with Operation Spring of Youth and Operation Wrath of God, during which Israeli intelligence and special forces systematically tracked down and killed Palestinians suspected of involvement in the massacre.

After Israel publicly denied any involvement in the incident for 51 years, the surviving agents were officially honored in 2005 by being awarded certificates of appreciation by Israeli President Moshe Katzav.

* Ron Pundak — currently Director General of the Peres Center for Peace, formed first Israeli negotiating team with Hirschfeld, before official Israeli involvement.

In later era many of their factories led Israeli efforts to gain economic independence by production for export, while their political involvement was of major importance up to 1948.

Four string players were suspended by the orchestra in 2011 for signing a letter to The Independent newspaper calling on The Proms to cancel a concert by the Israel Philharmonic Orchestra, on the grounds of the latter's involvement with the Israeli state and its partnership with the Israeli Defense Forces, who impede the development of Palestinian culture, including the prevention of Palestinian musicians from travelling abroad to perform.

Cohen took part in various Israeli covert operations in the country during the 1950s, though the Egyptian government could never verify and provide proof of his involvement in Operation Goshen, an Israeli operation to smuggle Egyptian Jews out of the country and resettle them in Israel due to increasing antisemitism there.

He is, perhaps, best known for his financial involvement and support for both the Pakistan and Israeli nuclear programs.

In particular, they criticise British control of Northern Ireland, the involvement of British troops in Iraq and Afghanistan, and the British government ’ s support for the Israeli occupation of Palestine.

" Bird near a yellow wall " ( 1950 ) demonstrates his simplistic involvement with the Holocaust, a subject to which he was one of the few Israeli artists to devote a phase of his work, at that time.

After heavy Palestinian involvement in the Lebanese Civil War, the Guardians cultivated ties with the Israeli military, receiving weapons and support.

There was some controversy in both the US and Israel over Zakheim's involvement in ending the Israeli fighter program, the IAI Lavi.

The Commission was to make recommendations on Israeli involvement in the massacre through an investigation of:

Added to this, in the growing involvement of Pakistani and Israeli advisors, it was necessary for Indian interest to mount a show of force.

Latet aims to mobilize Israeli civil society to greater involvement in the humanitarian field, through heightened social awareness and fostering values such as mutual responsibility and acts of loving kindness.

According to Israeli journalist Shmuel Rosner, Gilon's return to the US in late 2005 was an indication that " no serious allegations concerning Israel's involvement in the American Israel Public Affairs Committee ( AIPAC ) affair still exist.

** The Association of University Teachers, the leading British academic group, has voted to boycott two Israeli universities, the University of Haifa and Bar-Ilan University, over their alleged involvement in " illegal activity " in the occupied territories.

In 1986, Boyle filed a lawsuit against Israeli General Amos Yaron for alleged involvement in the Sabra and Shatila massacre on behalf of several relatives of victims, but lost when the United States State Department claimed that Yaron could not be tried due to the diplomatic immunity he enjoyed as a military attachè to the United States.

Nadia Matar, the group's co-chair, caused controversy across the Israeli political spectrum in September 2004 when she compared the government's intention to remove Israeli settlers from Gaza to the involvement of the Judenrat (" Jewish Council ") in Berlin in 1942, which under orders from the German government organized the expulsion of the Jewish community from that city.

* 1997 – En route to Lebanon, two Israeli Sikorsky CH-53 troop-transport helicopters collide in mid-air over northern Galilee, Israel killing 73.

Hezbollah first emerged in response to the 1982 Israeli invasion of Lebanon, during the Lebanese civil war.

Hezbollah waged an asymmetrical guerrilla war against Israel using suicide attacks against the Israel Defense Forces ( IDF ) and against Israeli targets outside of Lebanon.

Hezbollah says that its continued hostilities against Israel are justified as reciprocal to Israeli operations against Lebanon and as retaliation for what they claim is Israel's occupation of Lebanese territory.

* During the 1982 – 2000 South Lebanon conflict, Hezbollah waged a guerrilla campaign against Israeli forces occupying Southern Lebanon.

* On July 25, 1993, following Hezbollah's killing of seven Israeli soldiers in southern Lebanon, Israel launched Operation Accountability ( known in Lebanon as the Seven Day War ), during which the IDF carried out their heaviest artillery and air attacks on targets in southern Lebanon since 1982.

* In April 1996, after continued Hezbollah rocket attacks on Israeli civilians, the Israeli armed forces launched Operation Grapes of Wrath, which was intended to wipe out Hezbollah's base in southern Lebanon.

In 2010, Hezbollah claimed that the Dalit and Tamar gas field, discovered by Noble Energy roughly west of Haifa in Israeli exclusive economic zone, belong to Lebanon, and warned Israel against extracting gas from them.

, the Israeli government believed Hezbollah had an arsenal of more than 15, 000 long-range rockets stationed on its border with Lebanon.

* In 1992, Israeli helicopters attacked a motorcade in southern Lebanon, killing the Hezbollah leader Abbas al-Musawi, his wife, son, and four others.

According to Michel Samaha, Lebanon ’ s minister of information, Hezbollah is seen as a legitimate resistance organization that has defended its land against an Israeli occupying force and has consistently stood up to the Israeli army.

Over the next few days the armies of Egypt, Trans-Jordan, Iraq, Libya, Sudan, Lebanon, and Syria invaded Israel, and officially and militarily threatened to occupy the whole of the former Mandate territory, thereby starting the 1948 Arab – Israeli War, known in Israel as the War of Independence (, Milhamat HaAtzma ' ut ).

* 1982 – 1982 Lebanon War begins: Forces under Israeli Defense Minister Ariel Sharon invade southern Lebanon in their " Operation Peace for the Galilee ", eventually reaching as far north as the capital Beirut.

* 1978 – Israeli Defense Forces withdraw from Lebanon.

* 2006 – Lebanon War: At least 28 civilians, including 16 children are killed by the Israeli Air Force in what Lebanese call the Second Qana massacre and what Israel considers to be an attempt to stop rockets ' being fired, from Lebanon, at Israeli civilian targets.