Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II storming the Hittite fortress of Dapur.

Gifts and purchases from Henry Salt, British Consul General in Egypt, beginning with the Colossal bust of Ramesses II in 1818, laid the foundations of the collection of Egyptian Monumental Sculpture.

Egyptian pharaoh Ramesses II storming the Hittite fortress of Siege of Dapur | Dapur.

Thus, the motif of " slavery in Egypt " reflects the historical situation of imperialist control of the Egyptian Empire over Canaan after the conquests of Ramesses II, which declined gradually during the 12th century under the pressure from the Sea Peoples and the general Bronze Age collapse.

* 1212 BC: Death of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses the Great.

* Ramesses V, Egyptian pharaoh

* 1212 BC — Death of Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses the Great.

Onions were even used in Egyptian burials, as evidenced by onion traces being found in the eye sockets of Ramesses IV.

The Egyptian pharaoh agrees to their departure, and they travel from Ramesses to Succoth and then to Etham on the edge of the desert, led by a pillar of cloud by day and a pillar of fire by night.

Ramesses II initiated Apis burials in what is now known as the Serapeum, an underground complex of burial chambers at Saqqara for the sacred bulls, a site used through the rest of Egyptian history into the reign of Cleopatra VII.

No Egyptian temple in the heart of Egypt prior to Ramesses ' reign had ever needed to be protected in such a manner.

The mummy of Ramesses III was discovered by antiquarians in 1886 and is regarded as the prototypical Egyptian Mummy in numerous Hollywood movies.

The earliest reference made to the town of Kyrenia is found, together with that of the other seven city kingdoms of Cyprus, in Egyptian scripts dating from the period of Ramesses III, 1125-1100s ( decade ) BC.

Ramesses (; also commonly spelled Rameses or Ramses ) is the name conventionally given in English transliteration to 11 Egyptian pharaohs of the later New Kingdom period.

* Ramesses XI: last ruler of the Egyptian New Kingdom

The Egyptian army also put down a minor “ rebellion ” in Nubia in the 8th year of Seti I. Seti himself did not participate in it although his Crown Prince, the future Ramesses II, may have.

He had discovered Tutankhamun's tomb ( since designated KV62 ) in the Valley of the Kings on November 4, 1922, near the entrance to the tomb of Ramesses VI, thereby setting off a renewed interest in all things Egyptian in the modern world.

, " An Egyptian Temple at Tel Beth Shean and Ramesses IV ", in Eyre, C.

The sea peoples are documented during the late 19th dynasty and especially during year 8 of Ramesses III of the 20th Dynasty when they tried to enter or control the Egyptian territory.

The Sherden prisoners were subsequently incorporated into the Egyptian army for service on the Hittite frontier by Ramesses, and were involved as Egyptian soldiers in the Battle of Kadesh.

Ramesses divided his Egyptian forces, which were then ambushed piecemeal by the Hittite army and nearly defeated.

The Battle of Djahy ( Djahy being the Egyptian name for Canaan ) in 1178 BC between Ramesses III and the Sea Peoples marked the beginning of this decline.

Upon his accession, Ramesses assumed a prenomen, or royal name, which is written in Egyptian hieroglyphs to the right.

The Battle of Kadesh ( also Qadesh ) took place between the forces of the Egyptian Empire under Ramesses II and the Hittite Empire under Muwatalli II at the city of Kadesh on the Orontes River, in what is now the Syrian Arab Republic.

Ramesses tells us, in his Kadesh inscriptions, that he incorporated some of the Sherden into his own personal guard at the Battle of Kadesh.

Ramesses personally led several charges into the Hittite ranks together with his personal guard, some of the chariots from his Amun division and survivors from the routed division of Re, and using the superior maneuverability of their chariots and the power and range of Egyptian composite bows, deployed and attacked the overextended and tired Hittite chariotry.

It has also been noted that there is great similarity between the names of the Sea Peoples, which at that time were raiding Egypt, as they are listed by Ramesses III and Merneptah, and of the allies of the Trojans.

As " Nephthys of Ramesses-Meriamun ," the goddess and her shrines were under the particular endorsement of Ramesses II.

and Ramesses III were also found.

He built important additions to the temples at Luxor and Karnak, and his funerary temple and administrative complex at Medinet-Habu is amongst the largest and best-preserved in Egypt ; however, the uncertainty of Ramesses ' times is apparent from the massive fortifications which were built to enclose the latter.

Chief among them were Queen Tey and her son Pentaweret, Ramesses ' chief of the chamber, Pebekkamen, seven royal butlers ( a respectable state office ), two Treasury overseers, two Army standard bearers, two royal scribes and a herald.

However, Ramesses III died in his 32nd year before the summaries of the sentences were composed, but the same year that the trial documents record the trial and execution of the conspirators.

Black peppercorns were found stuffed in the nostrils of Ramesses II, placed there as part of the mummification rituals shortly after his death in 1213 BCE.

Brand who has published an extensive biography on this Pharaoh and his numerous works, stresses in his thesis that relief decorations at various temple sites at Karnak, Qurna and Abydos which associate Ramesses II with Seti I, were actually carved after Seti's death by Ramesses II himself and, hence, cannot be used as source material to support a co-regency between the two monarchs.

It was only in 1995, after doing substantial clearing in the outer chambers of the tomb, that they were stunned to discover the long corridors, lined with rooms ( approximately seventy in all: bear in mind that Ramesses sired at least that many sons ), running back into the hillside ; a discovery which amazed the world and reignited popular interest in Egyptology.

Since the Mes inscription was composed during the reign of Ramesses II when the Amarna-era Pharaohs were struck from the official king-lists, the Year 59 Horemheb date certainly includes the nearly 17 year long reign of Akhenaten, the 2 year independent reign of Neferneferuaten, the 9 year reign of Tutankhamun and the 4 year reign of Ay.

The twin temples were originally carved out of the mountainside during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II in the 13th century BC, as a lasting monument to himself and his queen Nefertari, to commemorate his alleged victory at the Battle of Kadesh, and to intimidate his Nubian neighbors.

The immediate antecedents to the Battle of Kadesh were the early campaigns of Ramesses II into Canaan.

The Hittite king Muwatalli, who had mustered several of his allies ( among them Rimisharrinaa, the king of Aleppo ), had positioned his troops behind " Old Kadesh ", but Ramesses, misled by two spies whom the Egyptians had captured, thought the Hittite forces were still far off, at Aleppo, and ordered his forces to set up camp.

Ramesses II only learned of the true nature of his dire predicament when these spies were captured, beaten and forced to reveal the truth before him.

When they were attacked by the Hittites, Ramesses II complained of the failure of his officials to dispatch scouts to discover the true location of the Hittites and reporting their location to him.

Ramesses ' action was successful in driving the Hittites back towards the Orontes and away from the Egyptian camp, while in the ensuing pursuit, the heavier Hittite chariots were easily overtaken and dispatched by the lighter, faster, Egyptian chariots.

The leading elements of Hittite's retreating chariots were thus pinned against the river and in several hieroglyphic inscriptions related to Ramesses II, said to flee across the river, abandoning their chariots, " swimming as fast as any crocodile " in their flight.