Ancient resources as well as recent archaeological evidence suggest that, at one point, Caligula had the palace extended to annex this structure. When several kings came to Rome to pay their respects to him and argued about their nobility of descent, he cried out " Let there be one Lord, one King ".

The Councils of Toledo debated creed and liturgy in orthodox Catholicism, and the Council of Lerida in 546 constrained the clergy and extended the power of law over them under the blessings of Rome.

Matteo ousted the traditional rivals, the Colonna, from Rome and extended the Orsini territories southwards up to Avellino and northwards to Pitigliano.

In Rome Gregory XIII built the magnificent Gregorian chapel in the Basilica of St. Peter, and extended the Quirinal Palace in 1580.

Urban II exchanged much correspondence with Archbishop Anselm of Canterbury, to whom he extended an order to come urgently to Rome just after the archbishop's first flight from England, and earlier gave his approval to Anselm's work De Incarnatione Verbi ( The Incarnation of the Word ).

Julius extended his patronage to the great Renaissance composer Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina, whom he brought to Rome as his maestro di cappella, Giorgio Vasari, who supervised the design of the Villa Giulia, and to Michelangelo, who worked there.

This was extended with the inclusion of the Capitoline Hill and Tiber Island when Rome became an oppidum, or fortified town.

These connections marked the beginning of the Silk Road trade network that extended to the Roman Empire, bringing Han items like silk to Rome and Roman goods such as glasswares to China.

He was able to return to Rome in 78 BC due to Lex Plautia, which extended an amnesty to all exiles of the civil war era.

Dumézil elaborates that in Rome the whole site of the city itself was considered as an extended sacrificial ground, with the temple of Vesta performing the function of hearth of the landlord and other temples that of sacrificial fires.

Their roads began at Rome, where the master itinerarium, or list of destinations along the roads, was located, and extended to the borders of their domain – hence the expression, " All roads lead to Rome ".

An extended period of strained relations between the crown and the Popes of Rome took place, known as the " archiepiscopal conflicts ".

All through his reign, Masinissa extended his territory, and he was cooperating with Rome when, towards the end of his life, he provoked Carthage to go to war against him.

Among the Ten Commandments of that religion was one that forbade the worship of any other god than Yahweh ; this led to conflict when Imperial Rome extended its reach into the Middle East.

The spread of breviaries eventually reached Rome, where Pope Innocent III extended its use to the Roman Curia.

The palace basilica was converted and extended, becoming the residence of Pope St. Silvester I, eventually becoming the cathedral of Rome, the seat of the popes as bishops of Rome.

As Emperor of Rome he laid claim to all Roman territories, which at the time before the Fall of Constantinople, however, extended to little more than the city itself plus some areas in Morea ( Peloponnese ).

Besides the ordinary Jubilee indulgence, to be gained only by pilgrims who pay a visit to Rome, or through special concession by certain cloistered religious confined within their monasteries, it has long been customary to extend this indulgence the following year to the faithful throughout the world, though in 2000, the indulgence was extended to the whole world during the Jubilee year itself.

Philip followed his advice but at this moment Flamininus learned that his command had been extended and his friends in Rome successfully interfered with the Macedonian negotiations in Rome so the war could continue.

On 9 August Rome ordered that Guzzoni's authority should be extended to Calabria and that he should transfer there forces which would usefully reinforce the area.

In his philosophical novel Marius the Epicurean ( 1885 ), an extended imaginary portrait set in the Rome of the Antonines, which Pater believed had parallels with his own century, he examines the " sensations and ideas " of a young Roman of integrity, who pursues an ideal of the " aesthetic " life – a life based on αίσθησις, perception – tempered by asceticism.

He was going to do one or two more films for cash and then chuck it all, leave Rome and its intellectual cliques and money-fed life, go back to Calabria.

The second walk through the heart of Rome should be taken after lunch, so that you will reach the Pincian Hill when the soft light of the late afternoon is at its best.

The Alabama River's main tributary, the Coosa River, crosses the mineral region of Alabama and is navigable for light-draft boats from Rome, Georgia, to about above Wetumpka ( about below Rome and below Greensport ), and from Wetumpka to its junction with the Tallapoosa.

The word acropolis literally in Greek means " city on the extremity " and though associated primarily with the Greek cities Athens, Argos, Thebes, and Corinth ( with its Acrocorinth ), may be applied generically to all such citadels, including Rome, Jerusalem, Celtic Bratislava, many in Asia Minor, or even Castle Rock in Edinburgh.

Although the Visigoths plundered Rome, they treated its inhabitants humanely and burned only a few buildings.

Rome, for so long victorious against its enemies, was now at the mercy of its foreign conquerors.

Although he was in charge of the project for the papal villa, the Villa Pamphili, now Villa Doria Pamphili, outside the Porta San Pancrazio in Rome, he may have had professional guidance on the design of the casino from the architect / engineer Girolamo Rainaldi and help with supervising its construction from his assistant Giovanni Francesco Grimaldi.

* 238 – Year of the Six Emperors: The Roman Senate outlaws emperor Maximinus Thrax for his bloodthirsty proscriptions in Rome and nominates two of its members, Pupienus and Balbinus, to the throne.

The union was confirmed by Pope Paul V in 1606, at which time the congregation added the name of St. Barnabas to its title, adopted new constitutions, divided its houses into four provinces, two of them, St Clement's and St Pancras's, being in Rome.

After Rome became an Empire under Augustus, the nominal independence of Athens dissolved and its government converged to the normal type for a Roman municipality, with a Senate ( gerousia ) of decuriones.

This antoninianus bears the legend ROMAE AETER AN MIL ET PRIMO, " To eternal Rome, in its one thousand and first year ".

Varro may have used the consular list with its mistakes, and called the year of the first consuls " 245 ab urbe condita ", accepting the 244-year interval from Dionysius of Halicarnassus for the kings after the foundation of Rome.

It was the most important center of trade in the whole empire ; and its primacy as an emporium of ideas was more commanding than that of Rome or Constantinople, Antioch or Marseilles.

The city fell under Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of tin and lead towards Rome.

The Cypriot Church claimed Barnabas as its founder in order to rid itself of the supremacy of the Patriarch of Antioch, as did the Archbishop of Milan afterwards, to become more independent of Rome.

This may have been the Roman tradition — which Tertullian usually follows — and in Rome the epistle may have had its first readers.

Finally, Nicholas III ( pope 1277 – 1280 ) adopted this version both for the curia and for the basilicas of Rome, and thus made its position secure.

Octavian's victory enabled him to consolidate his power over Rome and its dominions.

The Catholic Church comprises those particular churches, headed by bishops, in communion with the Pope, the Bishop of Rome, as its highest authority in matters of faith, morality and Church governance.

The growth of the population of ancient civilizations, the formation of ancient empires concentrating political power, and the growth in commerce and manufacturing led to ever greater capital cities and centres of commerce and industry, with Alexandria, Antioch and Seleucia of the Hellenistic civilization, Pataliputra ( now Patna ) in India, Chang ' an ( now Xi ' an ) in China, Carthage, ancient Rome, its eastern successor Constantinople ( later Istanbul ).

While David Kessler and Peter Temin consider ancient Rome to be the largest city before 19th century London and the first to have exceeded a population of over 1 million, George Modelski considers medieval Baghdad, with an estimated population of 1. 2 million at its peak, to be the largest city before 19th century London and the first with a population of over one million.

It took on the name of Konstantinoupolis (" city of Constantine ", Constantinople ) after its re-foundation under Roman emperor Constantine I, who designated it as his new Roman capital, the New Rome.