Historically, land owners developed most roads and later Turnpike Trusts collected tolls so that as early as 1800 Ireland had a road network.

His efficient road-building and management work had revealed the corruption and abuse of road tolls by unscrupulous Turnpike Trusts, many of which were run at a deliberate loss despite high toll receipts.

As traffic levels increased in England and roads deteriorated, toll roads were built by Turnpike Trusts, especially between 1730 – 1770.

As Bath became more popular with the wealthy and famous, it was inevitable that Turnpike Trusts would be set up under the terms of the Turnpike Acts to pay for maintenance and improvements to the road.

Due to increasing traffic, sections of the road between Kensington, over Hounslow Hill, to Twyford were turnpike by 1717 with the remaining sections placed under Turnpike Trusts.

The tolls raised from such clientele ensured that when the Turnpike Trusts handed over the route to local Highway Boards, they had no financial liabilities.

It became an arterial route following the construction of Westminster Bridge in 1750 and the consequent improvement of roads leading to the bridge south of the river by the Turnpike Trusts.

The gates were administered by the Turnpike Trusts, and were bid for every year by prospective candidates, and this led to a deal of local corruption.

All the street names in Walnut Tree are named after either Wild Flowers and Herbs or 18th Century Turnpike Trusts

Turnpike Trusts were set up by Act of Parliament.

The Chenoweth brothers were experienced bridge builders, and against the competition of other, and better known, bridge designers and builders they had constructed nine of the covered, wooden bridges on the Parkersburg and Staunton Turnpike a dozen years before, as well as many other bridges for several counties.

The first superhighways -- New York's Henry Hudson and Chicago's Lake Shore, San Francisco's Bay Bridge and its approaches, a good slice of the Pennsylvania Turnpike -- were built as part of the federal works program which was going to cure the depression.

Soon after, turnpikes were built: the Cambridge and Concord Turnpike ( today's Broadway and Concord Ave .), the Middlesex Turnpike ( Hampshire St. and Massachusetts Ave. northwest of Porter Square ), and what are today's Cambridge, Main, and Harvard Streets were roads to connect various areas of Cambridge to the bridges.

During the off-season, improvements were made to Turnpike Stadium, which reopened as Arlington Stadium for the 1972 season.

In May 1973 Shakur was involved in a shootout on the New Jersey Turnpike, during which New Jersey State Trooper Werner Foerster and BLA member Zayd Malik Shakur were killed and Shakur and Trooper James Harper were wounded.

Other toll roads including the Croton ( Somerstown ) Turnpike were later established.

Several other major toll-roads which connected with the Pennsylvania Turnpike were established before the creation of the Interstate Highway System.

These were the Indiana Toll Road, Ohio Turnpike, and New Jersey Turnpike.

Mileposts were measured from the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in New York ( one block west of Federal Hall ) and from the old Boston city-line on Washington Street, near the present-day Massachusetts Turnpike.

Turnpike trusts were established in England from 1706 onwards, and were ultimately responsible for the maintenance and improvement of most main roads in England and Wales, until they were gradually abolished from the 1870s.

The Delaware Turnpike and the Maryland portion of the new road were later designated as the John F. Kennedy Memorial Highway.

The route followed two turnpikes that were created in the early 19th century: the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and the Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike.

In the original system of New Jersey highways, the Newark-Pompton Turnpike and Paterson-Hamburg Turnpike were combined to form pre-1927 Route 8, which ran from Montclair to the New York border near Unionville, New York, running along the alignment of current Route 23 north to Sussex and following present-day Route 284 north of Sussex.

Pianos were manufactured up the Hartford and New London Turnpike about two miles ( 3 km ) north from the Seminary, at the present location of the firehouse and Maple Shade General Store.

Station stops on the line along were South Billerica, Turnpike ( Nuttings Lake ), Billerica, Bennett Hall ( none of these stations still stand ) and North Billerica.

Both the Middlesex Canal and Middlesex Turnpike, major transportation routes, were built through Chelmsford in the first part of the 19th century.

Route 35 northbound approaching the intersection with New Jersey Route 34 | Route 34 and New Jersey Route 70 | Route 70 in Wall Township, New Jersey | Wall Township, which was the Brielle Circle until 2001, when it was replaced with an at-grade intersection with jughandle s. The present-day alignment of Route 35 follows parts of many 19th-century turnpikes, including the Keyport and Middletown Turnpike, which was chartered on March 5, 1852, the Middletown Turnpike, chartered in 1866 to run from Middletown Township to Red Bank, the Middletown and Keyport Turnpike, which was chartered on March 15, 1859 to run from Middletown Township to Keyport, the Red Bank and Eatontown Turnpike, chartered on February 9, 1865 along present-day Broad Street, County Route 11, and Route 35, and the Shrewsbury Turnpike, which was chartered in 1857 to run from Red Bank to Eatontown.

The route was designated in 1916 as part of pre-1927 Route 10, which was to run from Paterson east to the terminal of the Fort Lee Ferry in Edgewater, using the Paterson and Hackensack Turnpike between Paterson and Hackensack, the Bergen Turnpike from Hackensack to Ridgefield, and a new alignment between Ridgefield and Edgewater.

Route 10 was designated in 1927 to run from Jersey City to Dover, following the former Newark and Mount Pleasant Turnpike west of Newark.

In that year, the Camden and Blackwoodstown Turnpike Company was established by entrepreneurs who had helped create the White Horse Pike to build a gravel road that would run from Camden south to Blackwoodtown and eventually to Atlantic City, from Ferry Avenue in Camden to Route 48 ( now U. S. Route 40 ) in McKee City.

It was from here that the Driscoll Expressway was to start ( south of exit 83 ) and run to the New Jersey Turnpike.

In the early 19th century, Vice President ( and former New York governor ) Daniel D. Tompkins secured a charter for the Richmond Turnpike Company, as part of his efforts to develop the village of Tompkinsville ; though intended to build a highway across Staten Island, the company also received the right to run a ferry to New York.

In 1817 the Richmond Turnpike Company began to run the first motorized ferry between New York and Staten Island, the steam-powered Nautilus.

In 1855, the Camden and Blackwoodstown Turnpike Company was established by entrepreneurs who had helped create the White Horse Pike to build a gravel road that would run from Camden south to Blackwoodtown and eventually to Atlantic City ; this road became the Black Horse Pike.

A bus station is located at Turnpike Lane, there are also many buses that stop outside Wood Green tube station.

Route 114, which follows the path of the old " Salem Turnpike ," passes through the center of town, and is crossed there by Route 62, which merges with Route 114 for a short, 0. 2 mile stretch there.

An additional four-mile stretch of road connecting the Turnpike from Ridgefield to Interstate 80 in Teaneck and from there to the George Washington Bridge was completed in 1964.

From there, travelers use U. S. 1 or Interstate 195 and the New Jersey Turnpike to reach the next major destination northwards, New York City.

The Parkway East used to end at Churchill, with traffic having to continue ahead on U. S. 22 — now business U. S. 22 — to get from there to the Pennsylvania Turnpike.

In 1777 commissioners met there to agree upon the creation of the Halifax to Penistone Turnpike, the forerunner for the present Penistone Road.

The transport system that existed before the canals were built consisted of either coastal shipping or horses and carts struggling along mostly un-surfaced mud roads ( although there were some surfaced Turnpike roads ).

Connecting onto the New Jersey Turnpike, it is one of the main routes for traffic between there and Brooklyn via the Staten Island Expressway and the Verrazano-Narrows Bridge.

Although Chesterfield County is a part owner of GRTC and the county is largely urbanized, there is no public transportation in Chesterfield aside from the Brandermill express run and the two routes ( Midlothian Turnpike and Jefferson Davis Highway ) that travel roughly half a mile over the city line and then turn back into the city of Richmond.

The old, southern path of the Seneca Turnpike is now Franklin Street and Old Seneca Turnpike from Auburn to Marcellus, NY 175 between Marcellus and Onondaga Hill, and NY 173 from there east to Chittenango.

I-90 splits off there, and the Turnpike continues with I-80 by itself to Youngstown.

This section currently does not have an interchange with Florida's Turnpike, so motorists heading north cannot use SR 417 as a beltway around Orlando, although there are future plans to construct such an interchange.

Although I-475 crosses I-80 / I-90 ( the Ohio Turnpike ), there is no interchange and one must drive a couple of miles through surface streets between I-475 exit 6 and I-80 / I-90 exit 59.

The road is often referred to simply as " the Turnpike " by locals, since there are no other toll roads in the state.

In Robbinsville Township, there is a ramp that provides access to the New Jersey Turnpike ( I-95 ).

On weekdays, there is also a focus on traffic reports on I-95 / Connecticut Turnpike and CT 15 / Merrit Parkway to serve commuters heading towards New York City.

From there, Route 125 was extended along Route 16's former route north to the end of the Spaulding Turnpike in Milton, and NH 125 now carries the White Mountain Highway designation between Rochester and Milton ( map ).

SR 60 is primarily a four lane divided highway from its western terminus through the town of Lake Wales to Polk County Highway 630 near Indian Lake Estates ; from there it was a lonely two-lane road until reaching Florida's Turnpike at Yeehaw Junction, but has recently become a four-lane highway as well.

In Sharon there is an historic marker on the northern side of the road marking the site of a gate that once collected tolls for the 3rd New Hampshire Turnpike, which followed much of the present-day route of NH 124.

Even on the toll road between Dover and Wilmington, there are plans to widen the highway between Tybouts Corner and I-95 / Delaware Turnpike to six lanes, as a need to reduce congestion, as well as rebuilding the DE 1 / I-95 cloverleaf interchange to one with high-speed ramps, allowing southbound and northbound traffic to access I-95 without having to " mix " in with merging traffic ( the new DE 58 bridge over I-95, completed in 2006, being long enough to accompany the additional lanes ).

East of there, SR 860 continues east through residential areas of Miami Gardens, passing under Florida's Turnpike without an interchange, and intersecting with US 441 / SR 7 at the eastern end of Miami Gardens.

Connecticut Turnpike trailblazers can still be found, although there are very few in existence today.