In response to Haeckel ’ s evolutionary claim that all vertebrates are essentially identical in the first month of embryonic life as proof of common descent, His responds by insisting that a more skilled observer would recognize even sooner that early embryos can be distinguished.

In response, Swift ’ s Modest Proposal was " a burlesque of projects concerning the poor ", that were in vogue during the early 18th century.

In response to criticism over ergonomic issues in the 7800 ’ s Pro-Line controllers, Atari later released joypad controllers with European 7800s, which were similar in style to controllers found on Nintendo and Sega Systems.

Johnson ( 1980 ) explores the emotional progression of the addict ’ s response to alcohol.

Yet, as Lemke and O ’ Connor point out, The Book of Lamentations, while adapting several traditional literary, historical, and cultural Near Eastern elements, is a unique literary composition, scripted to a specific historical situation, in response to an historical catastrophe, addressing the survivors of this catastrophe in a distinctive religious context.

Kante created N ’ Ko in response to what he felt were beliefs that Africans were a " cultureless people " since prior to this time there had been no indigenous African writing system for his language.

In addition, Khrushchev ’ s impression of Kennedy ’ s weakness was confirmed by the President ’ s soft response during the Berlin Crisis of 1961, particularly the building of the Berlin Wall.

In Britain rhyming slang had a resurgence of popular interest beginning in the 1970s resulting from its use in a number of London-based television programmes such as Steptoe and Son, Mind Your Language, The Sweeney ( the title of which is itself rhyming slang —" Sweeney Todd " for " Flying Squad ", a rapid response unit of London ’ s Metropolitan Police ), Minder, Citizen Smith, Only Fools and Horses, and EastEnders.

So, incensed by Tolkien ’ s response, he realized that he could legally publish the trilogy and did.

After the program was broadcast, Ford received over a thousand angry letters and telegrams in response to Draper ’ s appearance.

Laura Mulvey, in response to these and other criticisms, revisited the topic in “ Afterthoughts on ‘ Visual Pleasure and Narrative Cinema ’ inspired by Duel in the Sun ” ( 1981 ).

For instance, they interpret the exhortation to defend one ’ s faith “ with gentleness and reverence ” in 3: 15-16 as a response to Pliny executing Christians for the obstinate manner in which they professed to be Christians.

# The cause of suffering is the mind ’ s struggle in response to challenge.

Hyperventilation, the body ’ s most common response to high-altitude conditions, increases alveolar pO < sub > 2 </ sub > by raising the depth and rate of breathing.

The government ’ s response was the New Economic Policy of 1971, which was to be implemented through a series of four five-year plans from 1971 to 1990.

" Specifically in response to the " majesty and power " reading, Harrington states " My opinion is that ’ s just pure bullshit.

A 2012 U. S. National Transportation Safety Board report which investigated the response of the Canadian energy company Enbridge to a July 2010 pipeline spill in Michigan where millions of litres of oil began to pour in and around the Kalamazoo River compared the company ’ s handling of the spill to the Keystone Cops.

In the United States, today ’ s United Methodist Church continues to embody Methodist traditions in their response to social needs through the General Board of Church and Society and the General Board of Global Ministries.

The believer ’ s response to this sanctification then is to uphold God ’ s word in the world.

In response to a Bolshevik appeal, Moscow ’ s working class began a protest strike of 400, 000 workers.

Following the 9 / 11 attacks, many Americans were split on the success of the government ’ s response and the ensuing war in Afghanistan and Iraq.

Some sponsoring agencies use Citizen Corps grant funds to purchase response tools and equipment for their members and team ( s ) ( subject to Stafford Act limitations ).

Lesbian subculture developed in response to the categorization of lesbianism as a medical problem by sexologist s such as Havelock Ellis.

Blue phases stabilized at room temperature allow electro-optical switching with response times of the order of 10 < sup >− 4 </ sup > s.

The musical terms " piano " and " forte " mean " quiet " and " loud ," and in this context refers to the variations in volume of sound the instrument produces in response to a pianist's touch on the keys: the greater a key press's velocity, the greater the force of the hammer hitting the string ( s ), and the louder the note produced.

Axiomatic set theory was developed in response to these early attempts to study set theory, with the goal of determining precisely what operations were allowed and when.

The treatment is based on the theory that the fear response has been classically conditioned, and that avoidance of it negatively reinforces and maintains the fear.

“ This doctrine is rooted in Aristotle's conception of the soul, and has antecedents in Hobbes's conception of the mind as a ‘ calculating machine ’, but it has become fully articulated ( and popularly endorsed ) only in the last third of the 20th century .” In so far as it mediates stimulus and response, a mental function is analogous to a program that processes input / output in automata theory.

Although, originally, educational measurement methods were built on classical test theory, item response theory and Rasch models are now used extensively in educational measurement worldwide.

The first neuropsychological theory of hypnotic suggestion was introduced early on by James Braid who adopted his friend and colleague William Carpenter's theory of the ideo-motor reflex response to account for the phenomenon of hypnotism.

Braid extended Carpenter's theory to encompass the observation that a wide variety of bodily responses, other than muscular movement, can be thus affected, e. g., the idea of sucking a lemon can automatically stimulate salivation, a secretory response.

Braid coined the term " mono-ideodynamic " to refer to the theory that hypnotism operates by concentrating attention on a single idea in order to amplify the ideo-dynamic reflex response.

Braid soon assimilated Carpenter's observations into his own theory, realising that the effect of focusing attention was to enhance the ideo-motor reflex response.

Braid extended Carpenter's theory to encompass the influence of the mind upon the body more generally, beyond the muscular system, and therefore referred to the " ideo-dynamic " response and coined the term " psycho-physiology " to refer to the study of general mind / body interaction.

Learning theories often inform instructional theory, and three general theoretical stances take part in this influence: behaviorism ( learning as response acquisition ), cognitivism ( learning as knowledge acquisition ), and constructivism ( learning as knowledge construction ).

I – O psychologists also employ psychometric methods including methods associated with classical test theory ( CTT ), generalizability theory, and item response theory ( IRT ).

In 1908, Weber published an article in which he drew a sharp methodological distinction between psychology and economics and attacked the claims that the marginal theory of value in economics reflected the form of the psychological response to stimuli as described by the Weber-Fechner law.

His monetary theory influenced the Federal Reserve's response to the 2007 – 2012 global financial crisis.

Although in theory the Mach kernel would also have to be reentrant, in practice this isn't an issue because its response times are so fast it can simply wait and serve requests in turn.

Joan Robinson's work on imperfect competition, at least, was a response to certain problems of Marshallian partial equilibrium theory highlighted by Piero Sraffa.

According to Pavlov's theory of classical conditioning, the experimenters should have been able to condition a feared response within the rhesus monkeys to the evolutionary irrelevant stimuli because the Pavlovian model posits that any UCS can elicit a CR.

The general response was " as the Westminster Review put it, that Gosse's theory was ' too monstrous for belief.

The theory has been advanced that New Coke, as the reformulated drink came to be known, was invented specifically in response to the Pepsi Challenge.

These include classical test theory ( CTT ) and item response theory ( IRT ).