A U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission investigation did result in convictions against the McDougals for their role in the Whitewater project, but the Clintons themselves were never charged, and Clinton maintains innocence in the affair.

In the Romanian general election elections of 1946, the Romanian Communist Party ( PCR ) employed widespread intimidation tactics and electoral fraud to obtain 80 percent of the vote and, thereafter, eliminated the role of the centrist parties and forced mergers, the result of which was that, by 1948, most non-Communist politicians were either executed, in exile or in prison.

Only one species protected by CITES, the Spix's Macaw, has possibly become extinct in the wild as a result of trade since the Convention entered into force ( but see case studies in Hutton and Dickinson and Stiles for further discussion of the role CITES has played in the fate of particular species ).

The last such director, Ben Hayes, was elected in 2006 to serve until 2008, when the role was discontinued as a result of legal issues.

The U. S. played a very large role in financing, training, arming, and advising the contras over a long period, and the contras only became capable of carrying out significant military operations as a result of this support.

In 2000 the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization ( FAO ) found that " the role of population dynamics in a local setting may vary from decisive to negligible ," and that deforestation can result from " a combination of population pressure and stagnating economic, social and technological conditions.

The scientific community considers that Duesberg's arguments are the result of cherry-picking predominantly outdated scientific data and selectively ignoring evidence in favour of HIV's role in AIDS.

The displacement of 1 million Eritreans as a result of the war with Ethiopia, multi-year drought, and the widespread presence of land mines all have played a role in the declining productivity of the agricultural sector.

As a result, the students begin to take on more of a passive role in their education as they are forced to meet and learn such standards and information.

If the child is thrown into a passive role as a student, absorbing information, the result is a waste of the child ’ s education.

She asserts: " In their traditional exhibitionist role women are simultaneously looked at and displayed, with their appearance coded for strong visual and erotic impact so that they can be said to connote to-be-looked-at-ness ," and as a result contends that in film a woman is the " bearer of meaning, not maker of meaning.

According to the American Psychological Association ( APA ), there are numerous theories about the origins of a person's sexual orientation, but some believe that " sexual orientation is most likely the result of a complex interaction of environmental, cognitive and biological factors ," and that genetic factors play a " significant role " in determining a person's sexuality.

Proposing a solution to the theological problem of reconciling the doctrine with that of universal redemption in Christ, he argued that Mary's immaculate conception did not remove her from redemption by Christ ; rather it was the result of a more perfect redemption granted her because of her special role in salvation history.

Perhaps as a result of the pharaoh's role in Pompey's murder, Caesar sided with Cleopatra ; he is reported to have wept at the sight of Pompey's head, which was offered to him by the pharaoh as a gift.

Ribbentrop played an important role in setting in motion the crisis that was to result in the end of Czecho-Slovakia by ordering German diplomats in Bratislava to contact Father Jozef Tiso, the Premier of the Slovak regional government, and pressuring him to declare independence from Prague.

The Sabahs, because of their role in the caravan ( as opposed to sea ) trade, developed closer ties with the desert, and as a result became the tax collectors there, an important revenue source.

It also made Mordred the result of an incestuous relationship between Arthur and his sister and established the role of Camelot, first mentioned in passing in Chrétien's Lancelot, as Arthur's primary court.

Ideological diversity plays a significant role in the result of a vote and carries with it a significant cost.

Italy also maintains a profile in Mozambique as a result of its key role during the peace process.

Therefore, the Manichaean worldview explained the existence of evil with a flawed creation God took no role in forming and was the result of Satan striking out against God.

However, Máire Herbert has argued that " war per se is not a primary aspect of the role of the goddess ", and that her association with cattle suggests her role was connected to the earth, fertility and sovereignty ; she suggests that her association with war is a result of a confusion between her and the Badb, who she argues was originally a separate figure.

As a result many areas are officially bi-lingual in Opolskie and the German language and culture plays a significant role in education in the region.

Although the power of Athens was broken, it made something of a recovery as a result of the Corinthian War and continued to play an active role in Greek politics.

Models that rely on rational choice theory often adopt methodological individualism, the assumption that social situations or collective behaviors are the result of individual actions alone, with no role for larger institutions.

This bishop became famous in Kerala for championing the cause of poor people from all religious backgrounds who had come to live Thalassery as a result of shortages elsewhere.

The result was a large-scale immigration from poorer regions of Spain ( particularly Andalusia, Murcia and Galicia ), which in turn led to rapid urbanisation.

Approximately 300, 000 infected people live in the United States, which is likely the result of immigration from Latin American countries.

British settlement of the Maritimes, as the colonies of Nova Scotia, New Brunswick and Prince Edward Island came to be known, accelerated throughout the late 18th century and into the 19th century with significant immigration to the region as a result of Scottish migrants displaced by the Highland Clearances and Irish escaping the Great Irish Famine ( 1845-1849 ).

As a result of immigration, FGM spread to Australia, Europe, New Zealand, the United States and Canada.

As a result of immigration flows in the 1960s and 1980s, Italian, Portuguese and Spanish are also spoken by a considerable proportion of the population.

Other demographers contend the total " mostly white " percentage has grown in the last century as a result of European immigration and " whites " are now estimated at 20 % or one-fifth of the country's population.

This drop is the result of the natural negative balance ( of some 3 to 4 % per year ), while the migratory balance since 1986 has again become positive because of an excess of new immigration over a stable figure for emigration.

The demographic profile of Sweden has changed significantly as a result of immigration since the 1970s.

During this time, German cultural and ethnic influence increased as a result of immigration from German-speaking parts of the Holy Roman Empire.

Venice is predominantly Roman Catholic, but because of the long standing relationship with Constantinople there is also a perceptible Orthodox presence, and as a result of immigration it now has some Muslim, Hindu and Buddhist inhabitants.

As a result of the immigration of new townsfolk from the surrounding villages a new settlement, later called Neustadt, grew up on the northeastern edge of the old town.

In autumn 1985, riots broke out in London and Birmingham, and Powell repeated his belief that civil war would be the result of immigration and called for massive repatriation.

As a result, the Transvaal reluctantly acquiesced to the immigration of uitlanders ( foreigners ), mainly from Britain, who came to the Boer region in search of fortune and employment.

The introduction of Celtic language in the Bronze Age may have been a result of immigration on a smaller scale.

It has distinctive attributes of its own, but also shares much with wider British cuisine, largely due to the importation of ingredients and ideas from places such as North America, China, and India during the time of the British Empire and as a result of post-war immigration.

The result was the Polish Resettlement Act 1947, Britain's first mass immigration law.

This is a result of immigration and permanent family settlement in France, from the 1960s on, of groups from, principally, North Africa ( Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Tunisia ) and, to a lesser extent, other areas such as Turkey and West Africa.

Although the number of members was comparatively small, BSS represented the first organized attempt to reduce immigration and as a result received massive media attention.

The city developed a reputation as a majority Hispanic community in the late 20th century as a result of high Mexican and Central American immigration ( farm migrant labor ) into a once " all-white " farming community.

Other early industries were the result of the immigration to the area around 1880 of large numbers of Germans and Swiss.

As a result of the gradual dissolution of the trends of industrial expansion and the end of the age of immigration, Moline's population stagnated throughout the mid-to-late-20th century, settling in the 40, 000 – 45, 000 range, where it remains today.

However, as a result of the Holocaust, World War II and immigration, the secular-speaking Yiddish community is very small, and is far outnumbered by Religious Yiddish-Speaking communities in New York, Antwerp, Jerusalem, B ' nei Beraq, London and others, making the predominant contemporary Yiddish Dialect that of the Yeshivish variant.

During the nineteenth century the use of the Welsh language declined generally in Wales, with the development of compulsory education in the English language, but more so in the south because of immigration from England and Ireland as a result of industrialisation.

According to the Daily Telegraphs analysis, the speech contained a warning to David Cameron " that a ' slack ' attitude to immigration will result in the Coalition repeating the mistakes made under Labour, when the vast majority of new jobs generated before the recession were taken by immigrants ".

As a result of these upheavals and of substantial immigration, the island has been more or less completely anglicised.