If no specific organization plan exists limiting the number of scientists at each salary level, the result is a department top-heavy with high-level, high-salaried personnel ''.

David Michaels has argued that as a result, respected scientists have been in some cases unable to provide testimony, and corporate defendants are " increasingly emboldened " to accuse adversaries of " junk science ".

To these scientists, whether a result is significant or not depends on the design of the experiment, not on the likelihood ( in the sense of the likelihood function ) of the parameter value being 1 / 2.

In October 2007, a team of scientists headed by DNA researcher Craig Venter and Nobel laureate Hamilton Smith announced that they plan to create the first artificial life form in history by creating a synthetic chromosome, which they plan to inject into the M. genitalium bacterium, with potential to result in an artificial species dubbed Mycoplasma laboratorium or Mycoplasma JCVI-1. 0 after the research centre in which it was created, the J. Craig Venter Institute in the United States.

In an interview in 2000, Mikhail Gorbachev, in response to the comment " In the 1980s, you warned about the unprecedented dangers of nuclear weapons and took very daring steps to reverse the arms race ," said " Models made by Russian and American scientists showed that a nuclear war would result in a nuclear winter that would be extremely destructive to all life on Earth ; the knowledge of that was a great stimulus to us, to people of honor and morality, to act in that situation.

Some political scientists argue that STV is more properly classified as ' semi-proportional ' as there is no assurance of a proportional result at a national level.

Other scientists, such as Stefan Mundlos of the Max Planck Institute, believe that the family's unusual gait may result from a genetic abnormality.

Originally scientists believed that the elongation of the giraffe's neck had been a result of foraging selection.

He did not follow up on many of the sent packages, and as a result, scientists are unconvinced that there are merely " six degrees " of separation.

A consensus among scientists today would hold that a global increase in atmospheric aerosols would probably result in a cooling of the climate ; however, a smaller but growing fraction of the current evidence suggests that it may have a warming effect.

However, he was one of the first scientists to recognize that the oxygen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide in the Earth's atmosphere result from biological processes.

As a result of this, the council recommended that US scientists be brought together to work on the problems.

In recent years, scientists have monitored a notable increase in the rate of glacier retreat across the region as a result of global climate change.

The bamboo fire cycle theory is considered by a few scientists to be unreasonable ; they argue that fires only result from humans and there is no natural fire in India.

As a result, scientists do not know whether it is extinct, endangered, or even locally common.

Climate scientists such as James E. Hansen hypothesize that methane clathrates in the permafrost regions will be released as a result of global warming, unleashing powerful feedback forces which may cause runaway climate change that cannot be controlled.

These political scientists argue that the concept of ethnic war is misleading because it leads to an essentialist conclusion that certain groups are doomed to fight each other when in fact the wars between them are the result of political decisions.

The result of this is pressure on scientists to publish in the best journals, and pressure on universities to ensure access to that core set of journals.

These alternative ideas range from suggestions that AIDS was the inadvertent result of experiments in the development of vaccines, to claims that human immunodeficiency virus was developed by scientists working for the U. S. government.

Many of the scientists working on radioactivity died of cancer as a result of their exposure.

The proximity of nuclear devastation was a popular interest and, as a result, the Bulletin scientists developed a symbol of nuclear danger in 1947 known as the “ Doomsday Clock.

Some scientists suspect that OBEs are the result of a mismatch between visual and tactile signals.

Social scientists argued that history was more than the result of intervention of great men as Carlyle suggested.

It includes an excessive deference to claims made by scientists or an uncritical eagerness to accept any result described as scientific.

It was a dinner party, Lewis had been drinking during the afternoon, and long before the party really got under way, he was quite drunk, with the result that the party broke up even before dinner was over.

Ever since he had first begun to study music and to teach it, Rousseau had dreamed of piercing through to fame as the result of a successful opera.

After the first few weeks, it was obvious that rules had to be made, laid down and obeyed -- even if our popularity ratings became subnormal as a result.

As a result, life had become a kind of continuous make-ready.

The result, dramatically visible in a matter of days in the family's disrupted daily functioning, was a phobic-like fear that some terrible harm would befall the second twin, whose birth had not been anticipated.

One result was to nationalize much that had been regarded as the law of nations.

Unfortunately she returned later, just as I had taken advantage of the friendlier atmosphere in the room by stating that perhaps an unexpected result of the Cultural Exchange Program would be the re-emergence of Abstract Art in Russia, with Social Realism regaining dominance in the U.S..

The result is that the State Department's perpetual position before Congress is the resigned pose of the whipping boy who expects to be kicked whenever the master has had a dyspeptic outing with his wife.

The result had nothing of the polish, pace or cohesion of the previous night.

`` You see, first of all and in a sense as the source of all other ills, the unshakeable American commitment to the principle of unconditional surrender: The tendency to view any war in which we might be involved not as a means of achieving limited objectives in the way of changes in a given status quo, but as a struggle to the death between total virtue and total evil, with the result that the war had absolutely to be fought to the complete destruction of the enemy's power, no matter what disadvantages or complications this might involve for the more distant future ''.

Many scholars consider modern anthropology as an outgrowth of the Age of Enlightenment, a period when Europeans attempted to study human behavior systematically, the known varieties of which had been increasing since the fifteenth century as a result of the first European colonization wave.

In order for the appeal to succeed, the appellant must prove that the lower court committed reversible error, that is, an impermissible action by the court acted to cause a result that was unjust, and which would not have resulted had the court acted properly.

If a defendant has been convicted and can prove that his lawyer did not adequately handle his case and that there is a reasonable probability that the result of the trial would have been different had the lawyer given competent representation, he is entitled to a new trial.

Johnston's initial call upon the governors for more men did not result in many immediate recruits but Johnston had another, even bigger, problem since his force was seriously short of arms and ammunition even for the troops he had.

It is possible that Johnston's duel in 1837 had caused nerve damage or numbness to his right leg and that he did not feel the wound to his leg as a result.

McCluskey died at the age of 75, not as a result of exposure, but of a heart disease which he had before the accident.

Adelaide had also become economically self-sufficient during this period, but at heavy cost: as a result of Gawler's public works the colony was heavily in debt and relied on bail-outs from London to stay afloat.

As a result, Sumer and Akkad had a surplus of agricultural products, but was short of almost everything else, particularly metal ores, timber and building stone, all of which had to be imported.

As a result of the fighting amongst its neighbors, Israel had the benefit of increasing its borders almost to those of the time of David and Solomon.

As a result it is difficult for the reader to understand why the battles he describes had the outcome they did.

An independent Athens was a minor power in the Hellenistic age ; it rarely had much in the way of foreign policy ; it generally remained at peace, allied either with the Ptolemaic dynasty, or later, with Rome ; when it went to war, the result ( as in the Lamian, Chremonidean, and Mithridatic War ) was usually disastrous.

The burn to alter the CSM ’ s orbit to that desired for the sub-satellite had been cancelled ; as a result, the sub-satellite lasted half of its anticipated lifetime.