As a result of the Treaty of Saint Petersburg ( 1875 ), the Kuril Islands were handed over to Japan, along with its Ainu subjects.

The act was later extended to Scotland, as a result of the Treaty of Union ( Article II ), enacted in the Acts of Union 1707 before it was ever needed.

As a direct result of the battle, Italy signed the Treaty of Addis Ababa, recognizing Ethiopia as an independent state.

It brought to an end the first phase of the power struggle between the Papacy and the Holy Roman Emperors and has been interpreted as containing within itself the germ of nation-based sovereignty that would one day be confirmed in the Treaty of Westphalia ( 1648 ); in part this was an unforeseen result of strategic maneuvering between the Church and the European sovereigns over political control within their domains.

The result of the vote was the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

The resulting Treaty of Versailles, due to European allies ' punitive and territorial designs, showed insufficient conformity with these points and the U. S. signed separate treaties with each of its adversaries ; due to Senate objections also, the U. S. never joined the League of Nations, which was established as a result of Wilson's initiative.

For example, President Wilson proposed the Treaty of Versailles after World War I after consulting with allied powers, but this treaty was rejected by the U. S. Senate ; as a result, the U. S. subsequently made separate agreements with different nations.

As a result of the Treaty, Germany's territory was reduced by about 13 %, several million ethnic Germans came under foreign rule, even though they were the majority in many of those areas, the Rhineland was demilitarized and Allied troops occupied several areas.

Much of the Austro-Hungarian Empire's industry had been situated in the areas that became part of Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia after World War I as a result of the Treaty of Saint-Germain.

However, Germany, as a result of the Communists ' determination to end Russian involvement in World War I, carved large Eastern territories following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.

The German Confederation was created by an act of the Congress of Vienna on 8 June 1815 as a result of the Napoleonic Wars, after being alluded to in Article 6 of the 1814 Treaty of Paris.

Following the ill-fated 1263 expedition of Haakon IV of Norway, the Outer Hebrides and the Isle of Man were yielded to the Kingdom of Scotland as a result of the 1266 Treaty of Perth.

Following this ill-fated expedition, all rights that the Norwegian crown " had of old therein " in relation to the islands were yielded to the Kingdom of Scotland as a result of the 1266 Treaty of Perth.

The result was the Treaty of Nijmegen that, unfortunately, failed to provide for a lasting peace.

* 1874 – General Postal Union is created as a result of the Treaty of Berne.

As a result of the conditions of the Treaty of Versailles, hyperinflation spread across Germany and many lost their life savings.

By then, the entire coastal area was under the British East India Company, as a result of the Treaty of Amiens.

His death halted any further Norwegian expansion in Scotland and following this ill-fated expedition, the Hebrides and Mann were yielded to the Kingdom of Scotland as a result of the 1266 Treaty of Perth, although the Scots recognised continuing Norwegian sovereignty over Orkney and Shetland.

As a result of the Treaty of Lausanne, the former Ottoman Sanjak ( province ) of Alexandretta ( present-day Hatay Province ) was ceded to the France which administered it on behalf of the League of Nations.

The UPU was created in 1874, initially under the name " General Postal Union ", as a result of the Treaty of Bern signed on October 9, 1874.

Thus the secular power of the Bishop of Rome, i. e., the Pope, was reduced to one square mile, the smallest sovereign nation on earth ( as a result of the 1929 Lateran Treaty which established a Concordat between Vatican City and the nation of Italy ).

At the end of World War I, German citizens felt that their country had been humiliated as a result of the Treaty of Versailles, in which Germany was forced to pay enormous reparations payments and forfeit German-populated territories and all its colonies.

As a result of the Sino-Japanese War ( 1894 – 1895 ), the 1895 Treaty of Shimonoseki was concluded between China and Japan.

The closest referendum result was 1995's vote to legalise divorce-50. 3 % voted " Yes " ( to legalise divorce ) and 49. 7 % voted " No. " Only Ireland held a referendum on the Treaty of Lisbon.

As a result of the political and economical tensions brought on by the Cold War, on 13 August 1961, East Germany began building of the Berlin Wall between East and West Berlin and similar barriers around West Berlin, and events escalated to a tank standoff at Checkpoint Charlie on 27 October 1961.

As a result of this, Ebbinghaus left to join the University of Breslau ( now Wrocław, Poland ), in a chair left open by Theodor Lipps ( who took over Stumpf's position when he moved to Berlin ).

On 22 April, largely as a result of Goebbels ' influence, Hitler announced that he would not leave Berlin, but would stay and fight, and if necessary die, in defence of the capital.

When as a result, Tiso had the Slovak regional government issue a declaration of independence on 14 March 1939, the ensuing crisis in Czech-Slovak relations was used as a pretext to summon the Czecho-Slovak President Emil Hácha to Berlin over his " failure " to keep order in his country.

The end result of these talks was the signing in Berlin on 27 September 1940 of the Tripartite Pact by Ribbentrop, Count Ciano, and Japanese Ambassador Saburo Kurusu.

Father Franziscus Stratman, senior Catholic chaplain at Berlin University wrote " The souls of well-disposed people are in a turmoil as a result of the tyranny of the National Socialists, and I am merely stating a fact when I say that the authority of the bishops among innumerable Catholics and non-Catholics has been shaken by the quasi-approval of the National Socialist movement ".

Columbushaus was the result of a plan by the French retail company Les Galeries Lafayette, whose flagship store was the legendary Galeries Lafayette in Paris, to open a counterpart in Berlin, on the Grand Hotel Belle Vue's former site, but financial worries made them pull out.

" As a result, the Soviets blockade West Berlin.

* German reunification – Germany reunified on 3 October 1990 as a result of the fall of the Berlin Wall and after integrating the economic structure and provincial governments, focused on modernization of the former communist East.

The Bosnian crisis was a result of Franz Joseph's annexation of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1908, which had been occupied by his troops since the Congress of Berlin ( 1878 ).

As a result of the fall of the Berlin Wall in the early 1990s a refreshed form of nationalism paved the way for a new youth culture-hip hop.

In 1931 the Communists in Berlin decided on a policy of killing two police officers for every communist demonstrator killed by police, and as a result Ulbricht urged fellow communists Heinz Neumann and Hans Kippenberger to plan the assassination of two Berlin police officers, Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck.

Berlin broke a number of the conventions of American songwriting in this film, especially in the songs " Top Hat, White Tie and Tails " and " Cheek to Cheek ", and, according to Rogers, the film became the talk of Hollywood as a result of its score.

Producers Richard Rodgers and Oscar Hammerstein II invited Irving Berlin to replace him, and the result was Annie Get Your Gun, which opened on May 16, 1946 at the Imperial Theatre, where it ran for nearly three years and 1, 147 performances.

Large-scale growth to New Berlin occurred in the 1960s and 1970s mainly as a result of the construction of the New Berlin Industrial Park which began in 1964.

Given the choice, whether one believes that " the lives of entire peoples and societies have been decisively influenced by exceptional individuals " or, conversely, that whatever happens occurs as a result of impersonal forces oblivious to human intentions – Berlin rejected both options and the choice itself as nonsensical.

While at Berlin in 1824 – 1825 he was thrown into prison, either on some ill-defined political charge at the instance of the French police, or as a result of an indiscreet conversation.

In August, after his return to Berlin, as a result of his discussions with Bismarck a draft treaty was drawn up, in which Prussia promised France her support in the annexation of Belgium.

Although tensions between the French and German governments persisted as a result of the French loss of Alsace-Lorraine to Germany in 1871, diplomatic conferences, including the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the Berlin Congo Conference in 1884, and the Algeciras Conference in 1906, mediated disputes that threatened the general European peace.