Thymectomy is a surgical method to treat MG. For emergency treatment, plasmapheresis or IVIG can be used as a temporary measure to remove antibodies from the blood circulation.

Occasionally, surgical interventions are required when tube drainage is unsuccessful, or as a preventative measure, if there have been repeated episodes.

As the standards of surgical and emergency care improve in the country, Dr. Gautam became the director of the Advanced Trauma Life Support program, which helped introduce a measure to improve emergency treatment and survival rates amongst the thousands of trauma patients admitted across the country every year.

And lastly, assessments may be undertaken to measure change in functioning over time, such as to determine the consequences of a surgical procedure or the impact of a rehabilitation programme over time.

With this condition the appendix is often on the wrong side of the body and therefore removed as a precautionary measure during the surgical procedure.

A seton might be tied loosely as a palliative measure to avoid septic and painful exacerbations, or as temporary measure before surgical excision as in fistulotomy or fistulectomy.

The city has gained a measure of prominence due the large number of products which are produced there, including agricultural machines, sporting goods, musical instruments and surgical goods.

Ethanol in this form is known generally as denatured alcohol ; when methanol is used, it may be referred to as methylated spirits or " surgical spirits ".

It is important to note that antibiotic therapy alone without surgical drainage of the abscess is seldom effective due to antibiotics often being unable to get into the abscess and their ineffectiveness at low pH levels.

Surgical drainage or aspiration is often necessary to identify Mycobacterium tuberculosis, but once the diagnosis is made no further surgical intervention is necessary.

For nonresolving suppuration, surgical excision is required, but not incision.

Clitoridectomy, or clitorectomy, is the surgical removal of the clitoris.

For one of his biographers, Hepworth Dixon, Bacon's influence in modern world is so great that every man who rides in a train, sends a telegram, follows a steam plough, sits in an easy chair, crosses the channel or the Atlantic, eats a good dinner, enjoys a beautiful garden, or undergoes a painless surgical operation, owes him something.

Defibulation, or deinfibulation, is a surgical technique to reverse the closure of the vaginal opening after a Type III infibulation, and consists of a vertical cut opening up normal access to the vagina.

If surgical intervention is contraindicated, corticosteroids may be used.

The surgical knife that was purpose built for the occasion is at display in the Musée d ' histoire de la médecine.

General surgery is a surgical specialty that focuses on abdominal contents including esophagus, stomach, small bowel, colon, liver, pancreas, gallbladder and bile ducts, and often the thyroid gland ( depending on the availability of head and neck surgery specialists ).

Some training in many sub-specialties is still part of the general surgical training program.

Cholecystectomy, the surgical removal of the gallbladder, is one of the most common surgical procedures done worldwide.

Induction is between the onset of administration of anesthetic to surgical anesthesia.

It is used in surgical removal of tumors, and allow rapid determination of margin ( that the tumor has been completely removed ).

The Suśrutasamhitā is notable for describing procedures on various forms of surgery, including rhinoplasty, the repair of torn ear lobes, perineal lithotomy, cataract surgery, and several other excisions and other surgical procedures.

Hypnotic ( also called soporific ) drugs are a class of psychoactives whose primary function is to induce sleep and to be used in the treatment of insomnia, and in surgical anesthesia.

Perhaps the most well known aspect of Elman's legacy is his method of induction, which was originally fashioned for speed work and later adapted for the use of medical professionals ; his students routinely obtained states of hypnosis adequate for medical and surgical procedures in under three minutes.

In addition to the treatment of psychiatric disabilities, there is a place for hypnotism in the production of anesthesia or analgesia for surgical and dental operations, and in suitable subjects it is an effective method of relieving pain in childbirth without altering the normal course of labor.

He introduced a more modern use for medicinal leech, stating that leech could be used for cleaning the tissues after surgical operations.

It has been used experimentally as an effective premedicant for general anesthesia in surgical procedures.

In pristine areas and for restoration, clean oversuits and powder-free, non-latex surgical gloves are used to protect the cave itself from contaminants.

* Spinal fusion, a surgical technique used to combine two or more vertebrae

He used numerous surgical instruments, including some that are unique to women.

It is also used as a mild painkiller in smaller animals, generally following surgical procedures.

Xenon has historically been too expensive to be used very much in practice, but it has been successfully used for surgical operations, and xenon anesthesia systems are still being proposed and designed.

Obsidian is hard and brittle ; it therefore fractures with very sharp edges, which had been used in the past in cutting and piercing tools, and has been used experimentally as surgical scalpel blades.

Though not approved by the US Food and Drug Administration ( FDA ) for use on humans, obsidian is used by some surgeons for scalpel blades, as well-crafted obsidian blades have a cutting edge many times sharper than high-quality steel surgical scalpels, the cutting edge of the blade being only about 3 nanometers thick.

Since it resists attack by body fluids and is nonirritating, tantalum is widely used in making surgical instruments and implants.

Ultrasonic cleaners, sometimes mistakenly called supersonic cleaners, are used at frequencies from 20 to 40 kHz for jewellery, lenses and other optical parts, watches, dental instruments, surgical instruments, diving regulators and industrial parts.

Dr. William DeVries and his surgical team at the University of Utah Medical Center made medical history and national headlines on December 2, 1982, when they replaced a diseased heart with the Jarvik-7, the first permanent artificial heart ever used for a human patient.

* Clipping ( medicine ), surgical treatment used to treat an aneurysm

Mastectomy rates vary tremendously worldwide, as was documented by the 2004 ' Intergroup Exemestane Study ', an analysis of surgical techniques used in an international trial of adjuvant treatment among 4, 700 women with early breast cancer in 37 countries.

When surgery was performed by the physician Hua Tuo ( d. 208 CE ), he used anesthesia to numb his patients ' pain and prescribed a rubbing ointment that allegedly sped the process of healing surgical wounds.

* By equipment used: Laser surgery involves use of a laser for cutting tissue instead of a scalpel or similar surgical instruments.

The patient is assisted by an anesthesiologist or resident to make a specific surgical position, then sterile drapes are used to cover all of the patient's body except for the head and the surgical site or at least a wide area surrounding the operating field ; the drapes are clipped to a pair of poles near the head of the bed to form an " ether screen ", which separates the anesthetist / anesthesiologist's working area ( unsterile ) from the surgical site ( sterile ).