Whereas the groupware or collaborative software pertains to the technological elements of computer supported cooperative work, collaborative work systems become a useful analytical tool to understand the behavioral and organizational variables that are associated to the broader concept of CSCW.

In addition to the accepted European convention, some classes have been named after a common theme in the included ships ' names, e. g., Tribal class destroyers, and some classes were implemented as an organizational tool, making traditional methods of naming inefficient.

It has also gained a significant following in anthropology, biology, communication studies, economics, geography, information science, organizational studies, social psychology, and sociolinguistics and is now commonly available as a consumer tool.

The notebook serves as an organizational tool, a memory aid, and can also have a role in protecting any intellectual property that comes from the research.

However, the limits of the blog's effectiveness as a campaign tool were seen in Iowa and New Hampshire, where despite a large financial, media, and organizational head start, Dean made a poor showing in voter support.

As such, organizational behaviour or OB ( and its cousin, Industrial psychology ) have at times been accused of being the scientific tool of the powerful.

CompStat is a management philosophy or organizational management tool for police departments, roughly equivalent to Six Sigma or TQM, and was not a computer system or software package in its original form.

It has been employed as a tool for analysis in the fields of cognitive science, organizational studies, knowledge theory, sociology and education studies, among others.

Although it continues to be widely respected as a tool to explain and predict initial interaction events, it is now also employed to study intercultural interaction ( Gudykunst et al., 1985 ), organizational socialization ( Lester, 1986 ), and as a function of media ( Katz & Blumer, 1974 ).

As an emerging discipline it is contested ground, with some academics describing it is a purposeful tool to be used by business people, and others describing it is a way of understanding and interpreting organizational life.

* Class II-individual equipment, tentage, organizational tool sets and kits, hand tools, unclassified maps, administrative and housekeeping supplies and equipment.

For example in the sciences, the " International Commission on Stratigraphy " ( ICS ) a standing working committee is doing organizational work establishing uniform naming and benchmarks in the geologic record and timeline since 1974, all under the auspices of the International Union of Geological Sciences ( IUGS ).

Anthroposophical ideas have been applied practically in many areas including Steiner / Waldorf education, special education ( most prominently through the Camphill Movement ), agriculture, medicine, ethical banking, organizational development, and the arts.

Additionally, though 60 % of the Fortune 500 companies have a Chief Diversity Officer ( CDO ) or Diversity leadership position, this and many other C-level titles are not necessarily universally recognized as Corporate Officers, and tend to be specific to particular organizational cultures or preferences as employees.

At the beginning many Hezbollah leaders have maintained that the movement was " not an organization, for its members carry no cards and bear no specific responsibilities ," and that the movement does not have " a clearly defined organizational structure.

Emergent processes or behaviours can be seen in many places, such as traffic patterns, cities, political systems of governance, cabal and market-dominant minority phenomena in politics and economics, organizational phenomena in computer simulations and cellular automata.

Since its creation in 1934, the NKVD of the USSR underwent many organizational changes ; between 1938 and 1939 alone, the NKVD's structure changed three times.

Valachi described in detail the organizational structure of the Mafia, unmasked many of the leaders and recalled old feuds and murders.

There is a wide variety of health systems around the world, with as many histories and organizational structures as there are nations.

Scouting in Connecticut has experienced many organizational changes since 1910.

The diminished population of USCJ and its congregations is seen by many as a symptom of a weak organizational culture in the USCJ itself.

Historically the evolution of coaching has been influenced by many other fields of study including those of personal development, adult education, psychology ( sports, clinical, developmental, organizational, social and industrial ) and other organizational or leadership theories and practices.

According to Thomas A Potterfield, many organizational theorists and practitioners regard employee empowerment as one of the most important and popular management concepts of our time.

Organizational scientists have also developed many nuanced definitions of organizational commitment, and numerous scales to measure them.

In 1947, the organization was granted non-governmental organizational ( NGO ) status and, for many years, was the only Jewish organization with full-time representation at the United Nations.

Although there was no indication that Tomlinson used church funds for himself, there were many within the organization who felt that this type of imprudence was an indicator of serious flaws within the organizational structure of the church.

There are many different types of communication that contribute in creating an organizational culture:

Parker ( 2000 ) has suggested that many of the assumptions of those putting forward theories of organizational culture are not new.

Edgar Henry Schein ( born 1928 ), a former professor at the MIT Sloan School of Management, has made a notable mark on the field of organizational development in many areas, including career development, group process consultation, and organizational culture.

Complexity lies at the heart of many organisational contexts ( there are numerous organizational paradigms that struggle to cope with it ).

Courses are offered in accounting, economics, entrepreneurship, finance, industrial relations, information technology, leadership, marketing, operations management, organizational behavior, statistics, strategic management, supply chain management, and many other fields.

The role of product management spans many activities from strategic to tactical and varies based on the organizational structure of the company.

Caodaiism's organizational structure closely resembles that of many states.

Rutherford introduced many organizational and doctrinal changes that helped shape the beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses.

In the Heathen movements, a kindred is a local worship group and organizational unit.

Independent Baptist churches have no formal organizational structure above the level of the local congregation.

Churches of Christ purposefully have no central headquarters, councils, or other organizational structure above the local church level.

The Book of Discipline is the guidebook for local churches and pastors and describes in considerable detail the organizational structure of local United Methodist Churches.

Both Falun Gong sources and Chinese government sources claimed that there were some 1, 900 " guidance stations " and 28, 263 local Falun Gong exercise sites nationwide by 1999, though they disagree over the extent of vertical coordination among these organizational units.

It also includes non-WCSU affiliated personal papers, local government and organizational records, visual materials, maps, journals and other media that document the history of this region.

Organized baseball for Henderson's youth ( primarily boys ) was started by William Hebe, James " Hank " Harpole, and Joe Gabe via organizational meetings in the local YMCA in 1949-50.

The organizational structure is decentralized: each convivium has a leader who is responsible for promoting local artisans, local farmers, and local flavors through regional events such as Taste Workshops, wine tastings, and farmers ' markets.

The definition is based on the fact that English and German priests would have brought organizational and administrative skills needed for statehood ( including by local rulers ).

Definitional problems in applying the concept to public policy are addressed, noting research in UK local government that concludes on the obstacles for organizational learning in the public sector: ( 1 ) overemphasis of the individual, ( 2 ) resistance to change and politics, ( 3 ) social learning is self-limiting, i. e. individualism, and ( 4 ) political " blame culture.

The name " congregational " generally describes its preferred organizational style, which promotes local church autonomy and ownership, while fostering fellowship and accountability between churches at the National level.

One issue that created tension in the movement was whether the brotherhood should adopt organizational structures, such as missionary societies and conventions, above the local congregational level.

One of the issues leading to the 1906 separation was the question of organizational structures above the level of the local congregation.

Churches of Christ purposefully have no central headquarters, councils, or other organizational structure above the local church level.

The organizational structure of the UCV was based on a military-style hierarchy with a national headquarters, three departments, divisions within those departments, and finally the local camps.

Just over a month after the 2004 election, Camejo was elected as one of California's delegates to the National Committee of the Green Party and established the GDI, " Greens for Democracy and Independence ," a cadre group within the larger Green Party of California that ran candidates for local Green County Councils, another organizational effort that failed to sustain itself.

Churches of Christ purposefully have no central headquarters, councils, or other organizational structure above the local church level.

The Vineyard has a highly decentralized organizational structure, reflecting the church's belief that local and regionally-based management, ministries and outreach are more effective.

In the debate between the two main parties present at the Assembly, the Presbyterians and the Independents, the Presbyterians were in favor of a form of church government that maintained the visible organizational unity of the Catholic Church while Independents, weary of the ecclesiastical tyranny they experienced under the Episcopal system, wished to organize the churches in a congregational way envisioning no legitimate authority of the church above the local congregation meeting at one time in a single place.

This organizational form differed from the NAACP and CORE who recruited individuals and formed them into local chapters.

* Censorship at the local, organizational, or national level