Given that California's automotive market is one of the largest in the world, CARB wields enormous influence over the emissions requirements that major automakers must meet if they wish to sell into that market.

Several automakers including American Motors ( AMC ) and General Motors ( GM ) have publicized certain models with truncated tails as " Kammbacks " even though they do not meet the classic " 50 % cross-section " definition, i. e. the AMC AMX-GT and Pontiac Firebird-based " Type K " concept cars.

The later rear-wheel-drive generations bucked the trend of unit-body construction, along with smaller engines, that became more prevalent in the early 1980s as automakers downsized their vehicle lines to meet increasing stringent fuel-economy regulations in the aftermath of two energy crises that led to gasoline shortages and skyrocketing pump prices in 1973-74 and 1979-80.

When Studebaker-Packard's financial situation worsened in 1955 and 1956, company leaders decided, rather than meet the " Big Three " automakers head-on, to compete with low-priced, basic transportation.

Bush did announce afterwards that he will meet with automakers after the November election.

U. S. automakers had first countered imports such as the Volkswagen Beetle with compact cars including the Ford Falcon, Chevrolet Corvair and Plymouth Valiant, although these cars featured six-cylinder engines and comprised a larger vehicle class.

The term may also be used by European and Japanese automakers in respect of model availability dates in North American markets: these often receive updated models significantly later than domestic markets, especially in the event of unforeseen slow sales causing an inventory build up of earlier versions.

This is due to the integration of manufacturing operations by the Big 3 in these countries due to the hospitable trade environment created by the North American Free Trade Agreement ( and before NAFTA, the US-Canada Auto Pact ), coupled with the proximity of these nations to the U. S. Also, vehicles made and marketed by European automakers that were eventually acquired by the Big 3 automakers, such as Land Rover, Volvo, and Saab, are generally not considered to be captive imports.

The U. S. " Big Three " automakers ' first order of business after Corporate Average Fuel Economy ( CAFE ) standards were enacted was to downsize existing automobile categories.

As there were no mandatory safety standards for motor vehicle windshields, the larger automakers had no financial incentive to change from the cheaper existing products.

Over the years, European automakers ' cars have become much safer, partly as a result of the Euro NCAP standards.

Concerns over proposed rollover standards caused many automakers to phase out their pillarless hardtops and convertibles throughout the 1970s, and the Cutlass was no exception.

Despite the evolution of the North American auto market to include most of the world's major automakers, and the ongoing proliferation of U. S. safety regulations, the previously-existing market oligopoly still exerts strong influence: American vehicle equipment and construction regulations are based almost entirely on Society of Automotive Engineers ( SAE ) standards, which were written almost entirely by U. S. automakers.

In 2009, according to a preliminary report from the Environmental Protection Agency published in November 2009, which is based on 2009 pre-model year production projections provided by automakers, Hyundai, at an average of, is the second most fuel-efficient automaker in America, after Honda's combined U. S. fleet of Honda and Acura models at an average of.

In 2011 Bo Andersson received Automotive Executive of the Year Award at the International Automotive Forum organized by Adam Smith Institute, and was named a Eurostar of automotive industry in the emerging market category by the Automotive News Europe Magazine for achievements in model range renewal, establishment of cooperation between GAZ Group and leading international automakers, and positive financial results of the company in 2010.

While Davis ' record is generally considered pro-environmental due to increases in spending for land acquisition, maintenance of the state's park system, signing legislation that attempts to cut greenhouse gas emissions by having automakers produce more efficient vehicles, cutting fees to state parks and opposing offshore drilling, he was criticized for not backing tougher restrictions on timber companies as some environmentalists desired.

So-called vehicles are typically out of the ordinary and are marketed by automakers to be perceived by the public as unusual.

The company rents out this proving grounds to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration ( NHTSA ), for " ride-and-drive " events by automakers, as well as for movies and commercials.

However, with the market flooded by inexpensive cars, none of the minor automakers was able to sell vehicles at loss leader prices to keep up with Ford and GM.

US automakers manufactured a broad range of models during the 1950s and 1960s – from economical compact-sized models such as the Rambler American and the Studebaker Lark to the more expensive models such as the Packard Caribbean, Oldsmobile 98, and Imperial by Chrysler.

In fact, the Hydrogen 7 and its hydrogen-fuel-cell cousins are, in many ways, simply flashy distractions produced by automakers who should be taking stronger immediate action to reduce the greenhouse-gas emissions of their cars.

As in Western Europe, U. S. automakers were significantly impacted by the 1973 oil embargo and energy crisis.

Florida's earlier work focused on innovation by manufacturers, including the continuous-improvement systems implemented by such automakers as Toyota.

Frigerio revived the suffering loan, public works and social programs and benefitting from his earlier measures, automakers ( most of whom were subsidiaries of U. S. and European firms and in partnership with Argentine investors ) primed production from 30, 000 units in 1958 ( 60 % of the market ) to 137, 000 by 1961, making Argentina a self-sufficient auto market.

Subsidiaries of European and U. S. automakers were joined by local startups, notably Siam di Tella, which benefited from increased public credit availability.

The pressure from Hyundai and Kia, dominant automakers in the Korean market, increased during the 2010s, prompting RSM sales go down by 27 % in 2011.

MacPherson struts are often purchased by the automakers in sets of four completed sub-assemblies: These can be mounted on the car bodies as part of the manufacturers ' own assembly operations.

In a segment dominated, in the UK market, by Bedford CA | Bedford, a number of UK automakers competed with under-powered forward control competitors.

The game was jointly sponsored by the " Big Three " automakers in Detroit from 1998 to 2007 ( Ford, General Motors and Chrysler ).

In addition, the launch of the new model year has long been coordinated to the launch of the traditional new television season ( as defined by A. C. Nielsen ) in late September, because of the heavy dependence between television to offer products from automakers to advertise, and the car companies to launch their new models at a high-profile time of year.

A voluntary import quota system was in place at this time, restricting the number of cars Japanese automakers could bring in to the U. S. As the Japanese company began to open its own branded dealerships to sell directly, every imported Cordia, Tredia and Starion sold by Mitsubishi had to be discounted from Chrysler's allocation.

In October, industry publication Ward's Auto World reported that Magna has been approached by several other automakers worldwide to acquire or purchase the same technology, which Magna says is designed to be custom-configured for a variety of applications.

By 2006, China leveraged this know-how and announced that they will begin competition with American automakers in their home market by selling fully Chinese automobiles directly to Americans.

While most automakers were able to come out with new vehicles for 1948-49, Packard couldn't do this until 1951.

Overall, the new Ranchero was not only bigger, but also more angular than before with its more horizontal grille and horizontal headlamps ; Ford and other automakers were making a switch back to horizontal quad headlamps.

During the 1980s, automakers in the U. S. focused on removing weight and increasing strength, and their new four-door sedans with B-pillars were called pillared hardtops or pillared sedans.

The new GS was the centerpiece of Toyota Chairman Akio Toyoda's initiative to restore passion to the Lexus brand and better compete with German luxury automakers that had been gaining market share in the United States.

After some new superminis grew to be over long ( like the Ford Fiesta, Opel Corsa, the SEAT Ibiza and the Volkswagen Polo ), some automakers developed city car models more than long.

" and " although glory days came before World War II, and it has faded from the scene in recent decades, the body style is showing signs of a renaissance as automakers seek to invent ( or reinvent ) new kinds of vehicles for consumers constantly on the hunt for the next new thing.

Because of this design, the Sable was a resounding success and launched Mercury into a new design era, as well as influencing the other American automakers to follow suit and create more aerodynamic cars, thus ending the " boxy " cars of the 1970s and 1980s.

As normal sedan convertible sales bean to grow, and as a new class of vehicle was born ; the crossover, automakers began to draw up plan and concepts for a melding of a convertible and a crossover.

In North America, the term " subcompact " came into popular use in the early 1970s with the introduction of new domestic-built models produced by North American automakers in response to the growing popularity of small imported cars from Europe and Japan.

Roping in new executives who had worked in the auto industry in western countries, such as Dr. Pawan Goenka and Alan Durante, the company broke the rule that says automakers must design, engineer and test their own vehicles while spending millions of dollars in the process.

The federal government made a written contract that all automakers should make the lever switches ( as opposed to the rocker and toggle switches ) standard on all new vehicles by 1 October 2010.

By July 2009, both automakers had emerged from bankruptcy, had new management and were on their way to profitability.

The U. S. economy was experiencing inflation, and new car sales fell for all the automakers.

The company has since changed its name in 2004 to highlight its new corporate focus on being a complete specialty-vehicle development partner for the world ’ s automakers.

Although the attempts to use variable-displacement technology failed in the past, automakers have been able to overcome the problems that occurred using new advancements in computers.

Most automakers create new market niches by mixing segments with the goal of attracting new customers.

A Popular Science road test of three traditional compact cars ( AMC Concord, Ford Fairmont, and Plymouth Volaré ) facing the challenge of GM's new front-wheel drive " X cars " ( Chevrolet Citation and Oldsmobile Omega ) summarized that AMC is committed to serve market segments not served by the other domestic automakers, and concluded that " Concord is the best-looking inside, and offers the plush feel of a big, expensive sedan.

Automobile magazines may feature new car tests and comparisons, which describe advantages and disadvantages of similar models ; future models speculations, confidential information and " spyshots " ( pictures of camouflaged models tested by automakers ); modified automobiles ; lists of new models with prices, specifications and ratings ; used car advertisements ; auto racing news and events ; and other information.