In American history important spokesmen included Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Jefferson, J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur ( 1735 – 1813 ), and John Taylor of Caroline ( 1753 – 1824 ) in the early national period.

Some early scientists such as Georg Ernst Stahl ( 1659-1734 ) and Francisque Bouillier ( 1813 – 1899 ) had supported a form of animism which life and mind, the directive principle in evolution and growth, holding that all cannot be traced back to chemical and mechanical processes, but that there is a directive force which guides energy without altering its amount.

Søren Kierkegaard ( 1813 – 1855 ) posited an early form of nihilism, to which he referred as levelling.

In early 1813 Napoleon raised a new army of 500, 000 to replace his Russian losses.

Another early venture was by Joseph Louis Lagrange in his Theory of Analytic Functions ( 1797, 1813 ).

In that sketch he acknowledged that Patrick Matthew had, unknown to Wallace or himself, anticipated the concept of natural selection in an appendix to a book published in 1831 ; in the fourth edition he mentioned that William Charles Wells had done so as early as 1813.

The city became the centre of the German Liberation movement against Napoleon, and the gathering place for volunteers from all over Germany, with the Iron Cross military decoration founded by Frederick William III of Prussia in early March 1813.

Droste trusted Sprickmann's judgement and showed him many of her early works, including the unfinished tragedy Berta oder die Alpen (" Berta, or The Alps ", 1813 ).

In 1802 Ussé was purchased by the duc de Duras ; as early as March 1813, low-key meetings were held at Ussé among a group of Bourbon loyalists, who met to sound out the possibilities of a Bourbon Restoration: such men as Trémouille, duc de Fitzjames, the prince de Polignac, Ferrand, Montmorency and the duc de Rochefoucault attended.

Among the early successes, the Parliamentary Register published by John Almon and John Debrett began in 1775 and ran until 1813.

According to Joshua Coffin, the early settlers included " Captain John Pike, the ancestor of General Zebulon Montgomery Pike, who was killed at the battle of Queenstown in 1813 ; Thomas Bloomfield, the ancestor of Joseph Bloomfield, some years governor of New Jersey, for whom the township of Bloomfield, New Jersey is named ; John Bishop, senior and junior ; Jonathan Haynes ; Henry Jaques ; George March ; Stephen Kent ; Abraham Toppan, junior ; Elisha Ilsley ; Hugh March ; John Bloomfield ; Samuel Moore ; Nathaniel Webster ; John Ilsley ; and others.

Originally the town was called Athol by early settlers, but when Warren County was established in 1813, much of the town was lost to the new town of Warrensburg and the remainder was still called Athol.

Samuel Steel built a sawmill at Jenner Crossroads in 1817 ; John Shopwood opened a hotel in 1825, and Samuel Elder opened the first store in 1836 Other early industry in the township included a sawmill on Quemahoning Creek built about 1813 by Moses Fream and a small woolen mill, built in 1817 by William Dalley, enlarged by Owen and William Morgan later into a small settlement known as Morgantown.

It continues south through Toft, where a Grade II listed bridge built in the early 1800s crosses, and Manthorpe, where there is another listed bridge with a single elliptical arch built in 1813, before turning east to join the West Glen at Wilsthorpe, Lincolnshire.

South Wales had several notable potteries in the late 18th and 19th centuries, an early exponent being the Cambrian Pottery ( 1764 – 1870, also known as " Swansea pottery ") and including Nantgarw Pottery near Cardiff, which was in operation from 1813 to 1822 making fine porcelain, and then utilitarian pottery until 1920.

Despite performances of his oratorio Gott und die Natur ( God and Nature ) ( Berlin, 1811 ) and his early operas Jephtas Gelübde ( Jephtha's Vow ) ( Munich, 1812 ) and Wirth und Gast ( Landlord and Guest ) ( Stuttgart, 1813 ) in Germany, Meyerbeer had set his sights by 1814 on basing an operatic career in Paris.

Prévost's Quartermaster General, Major General Thomas Sydney Beckwith, was a veteran of the early part of the Peninsular campaign and of operations in Chesapeake Bay in 1813, but even he was to be criticized, mainly for failures in intelligence.

During the early years of Mahmud II's reign, his governor of Egypt Mehmet Ali Paşa successfully reconquered the holy cities of Medina ( 1812 ) and Mecca ( 1813 ) from the Nejdi rebels.

After receiving his early education at a lyceum, he was sent in 1813 to the École polytechnique.

As early as 1813 some of the Tejanos who colonized Texas in the Spanish Colonial Period established a government in Texas that looked forward to independence from Mexico.

An 1813 document refers to the land as Hagley and it had been called Hagley as early as 1797, when its owner, Philadelphia Quaker merchant Rumford Dawes, applied for insurance on buildings that were said to be located in a place called Hagley on the Brandywine.

Thomas Babington Macaulay's Epitaph, composed early in 1813, testified to the impression made by his career:

* USS Erie ( 1813 ), a sloop-of-war in the United States Navy in the early 19th century

* William Pitt ( Mormon ) ( 1813 – 1873 ), early Mormon bandleader

( See for instance Other noteworthy early pioneers include Richard Friedberg, George Friedman, and Michael Conrad.

However early in 1026 Conrad went to Milan, where Ariberto, archbishop of Milan, crowned him king of Italy.

Admiral Conrad Patzig commented about Raeder in early 1940: " Raeder is strongly influenced by his surroundings and exceptional circumstances and under stress is impulsive and unpredictable if his pride and vanity are involved ".

In early 1896, in the wave of excitement following Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen's discovery of X-rays the previous fall, Becquerel thought that phosphorescent materials, such as some uranium salts, might emit penetrating X-ray-like radiation when illuminated by bright sunlight.

The brown rat may have been present in Europe as early as 1553, a conclusion drawn from an illustration and description by Swiss naturalist Conrad Gesner in his book Historiae animalium, published 1551-1558.

This Chicago, Illinois-set series starred Robert Conrad as Oscar " Duke " Ramsey ; Conrad was actually a professional fighter in his own early years.

In music, Conrad was an early ( though not original ) member of the Theatre of Eternal Music, nicknamed The Dream Syndicate, which included John Cale, Angus MacLise, La Monte Young, and Marian Zazeela, and utilized just intonation and sustained sound ( drones ) to produce what the group called " dream music " ( and is now called drone music ).

Conrad played together with Rhys Chatham in an early ensemble.

Conrad Black's mother was the former Jean Elizabeth Riley, a daughter of Conrad Stephenson Riley, whose father founded the Great-West Life Assurance Company, and a great-granddaughter of an early co-owner of the Daily Telegraph.

Joseph Conrad wrote of ' a shadow-line warning one that the region of early youth, too, must be left behind ', with all that remains only ' a fading memory of light-hearted youth, something on the other side of a shadow.

Other authors published by the company in its early years include W. Somerset Maugham and Joseph Conrad.

This practice has been seen at various times in the history of the piano: an early example was given by Conrad Graf to Ludwig van Beethoven, and later examples are seen ca.

Conrad took the new seat in 1992 and Dorgan assumed Conrad's old seat a few weeks early.

In the late 17th and early 18th century cows were grazed on the park, and milk could be bought fresh at the " Lactarian ", described by Zacharias Conrad von Uffenbach in 1710.

At her career peak in the early 1920s, Murray, along with such other notable Hollywood personalities as Cecil B. DeMille, Douglas Fairbanks, William S. Hart, Jesse L. Lasky, Harold Lloyd, Hal Roach, Donald Crisp, Conrad Nagel and Irving Thalberg was a member of the board of trustees at the Motion Picture & Television Fund-A charitable organization that offers assistance and care to those in the motion picture and television industries without resources.

The minimalism of Terry Riley and Steve Reich ( Indian influenced in the former case ) can also be cited as an influence, along with artists like Tony Conrad, La Monte Young who utilized drones since the early 1960s.

For every episode except the pilot, actor William Conrad recites the opening narration that tells of Chase's wealthy present life and his early days in Africa with his missionary father.

This is one of the earliest maps to use the term Manchuria ( Mandchourie ), which Conrad Malte-Brun and Mentelle promoted as early as 1804.

It was made probably somewhere in Western Germany, either under Otto I ( with additions by Conrad II ), by Conrad II or Conrad III during the late 10th and early 11th centuries.

The High Bridge of Kentucky by C. Shaler Smith ( 1877 ), the Niagara Cantilever Bridge by Charles Conrad Schneider ( 1883 ) and the Poughkeepsie Bridge by John Francis O ' Rourke and Pomeroy P. Dickinson ( 1889 ) were all important early uses of the cantilever design.