After Alfonso VII's death in 1157, the title was abandoned, and the kings who used it are not commonly mentioned as having been " emperors ", in Spanish or other historiography.

Sepúlveda wrote a number of romances having Alfonso X as their hero.

Alfonso also had two mistresses, having children by both.

Thus these Legitimists settled on Juan, Count of Montizón, the Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne ( the Salic law having been suspended in Spain, the actual king, Alfonso XII, was not the senior descendant in the male line ), as their claimant to the French crown.

This result having been attained, he passed the rest of his days in retirement, emerging sometimes from his retreat to give addresses on theological questions, and also writing, in conjunction with his friend Reusch, his last book, Geschichte der Moralstreitigkeiten in der römisch-katholischen Kirche seit dem sechszehnten Jahrhundert mit Beiträgen zur Geschichte und Charakteristik des Jesuitenordens ( Nördlingen, 1889 ), in which he deals with the moral theology of St. Alfonso de ' Liguori.

Between 1542 and 1560 he was a private secretary, first to Ercole II and afterwards to Alfonso II d ' Este ; but having, in connection with a literary quarrel, lost the favour of his patron, he moved to Mondovi, where he remained as a teacher of literature until 1568.

His said Majesty King Alfonso XIII also engages, if, by the will of Divine Providence, the said Princess Victoria Eugénie Julia Ena should become his widow, to secure to her, from the date of his death, an annual grant of 250, 000 pesetas, unless and until she contracts a second marriage, both these grants having already been voted by the Cortes.

The article claimed that Brian Herman, Canada ’ s only diplomat in Denmark ( ambassador Alfonso Gagliano having been recently recalled as a result of an unrelated Canadian scandal ), was called before the Danish Ministry of Foreign Affairs, to comment about his country's intentions in the dispute, which had, according to the article, recently been inflamed by Danish sailors occupying Hans Island.

* The Cantar de Bernardo del Carpio, that narrates the tragic history of a bastard of noble origin because of releasing his father, Count of Saldaña, jailed for having generated him from a real princess ; in his efforts to rehabilitate the family honor, he is unfairly treated by his king Alfonso the Chaste.

At first, the Kings of Navarre wanted to achieve an alliance with Castile by having Blanche marry Peter, eldest son and heir of King Alfonso XI.

In the 2001 World Series, Game 5, Knoblauch scored the winning run, having led off with a single and scoring on a single by his replacement at 2nd base, Alfonso Soriano.

Musica transalpina contains 57 separate pieces by 18 composers, with Alfonso Ferrabosco the elder having the most, and Luca Marenzio second most.

The rivalry between both kingdoms continued until 1230 when Ferdinand III of Castile received the Kingdom of León from his father Alfonso IX, having previously received the Kingdom of Castile from his mother Berenguela of Castile in 1217.

Julius, having in the meantime issued an interdict against Venice that excommunicated every citizen of the Republic, invaded the Romagna and seized Ravenna with the assistance of Alfonso d ' Este, Duke of Ferrara.

The Minister of War ordered the creation of an investigative commission, directed by the honored general Juan Picasso González, which developed the report known as the Expediente Picasso, which, despite calling out numerous military mistakes, owing to the obstructive action of various ministers and judges did not go so far as to lay political responsibility for the defeat, which popular opinion widely placed upon King Alfonso XIII, who according to several sources had encouraged Silvestre's irresponsible penetration of positions far from Melilla without having adequate defenses in his rear.

Their return to France saw them arrested on the charge of having plotted an assassination attempt on Alfonso XIII of Spain during the latter's visit to Paris.

In particular, we have a collection of laws that Don Miguel de Manuel published with the title of Fuero viejo de Castilla, in concept of having been formed at the end of the 10th century or the beginning of the 11th by Count Don Sancho Garces for all the Castilian dominions, corrected by Alonso VII in the Court of Nájera, King Alfonso VIII in that of Burgos, King Alfonso XI in that of Alcalá, and Don Pedro, who was their editor.

In 1568 he was fired by Paul V for having criticized Michelangelo's work in St. Peter's Basilica, and moved to Ferrara, where he was guest of Duke Alfonso II d ' Este.

Alfonso II the King of Aragon himself having interests there joined the war.

There are ruins of an, originally Moorish, castle ( currently ( 2006 ) under restoration ) having been a fortified city of the Moors ( with the Hispano-Arabic name Baguh ) which was captured by the Christians under Ferdinand III in 1225, lost again in 1327, and finally retaken in 1340 by Alfonso XI.

King Alfonso I of Aragon, having no direct heir, bequeathed his dominions to be divided among the Templars, the Knights Hospitaller, and the Order of the Holy Sepulchre, but this bequest was annulled by his subjects in 1131.

He had succeeded in forcing upon the electors his own candidate, Alfonso, a bastard, of the royal stock of Aragon ( 1443 ); but Alfonso having joined a party formed against him, the king sought to have him deposed by the chapter of the order.

Emilio Bacardí, Don Facundo's eldest son, was repeatedly imprisoned and was exiled from Cuba for having fought in the rebel army against Spain in the Cuban War of Independence.

When the Arabic text was translated into Latin, the translator Gerard of Cremona ( probably in Spain ) mistook the Arabic word كلاب for kilāb ( the plural of كلب kalb ), meaning " dogs ", writing hastile habens canes (" spearshaft having dogs ").

These events were nearly the cause of a war between Britain and Spain, both countries having sent armed fleets to contest sovereignty of the strategically important islands.

Prussia, having effectively abandoned the coalition in the fall of 1794, made peace with revolutionary France at Basel in April 1795, and soon thereafter Spain, too, made peace with France.

Gibtelecom was also prevented from having roaming agreements with Spanish GSM networks so its mobile phones did not operate in Spain.

He was very active in furthering the accession of the French candidate for the throne of Spain, Philip V. Two years later, Vendôme having died in the interval, Alberoni was appointed consular agent for Parma at Philip's court, where he was the royal favourite, being raised at the same time to the dignity of count.

The influence of the grateful new queen being actively exerted on Alberoni's behalf — the princesse des Ursins having been chased out — within not much more than a year Alberoni was made a duke and grandee of Spain, a member of the king's council, appointed bishop of Málaga, and in 1715 prime minister, and was made cardinal by Pope Clement XI, under pressure from the court of Spain, in July 1717.

On 5 December 1719, with Philip V fast becoming the common enemy of all Europe, Alberoni was ordered to leave Spain, Elizabeth herself having taken an active part in procuring the decree of banishment.

Fearing that Britain's victory over France in the Seven Years War ( 1756 – 1763 ) threatened the European balance of power, Spain allied themselves to France but suffered a series of military defeats and ended up having to cede Florida to the British at the Treaty of Paris ( 1763 ), which ended the Seven Years ' War.

Heinz was forced to begin bottling sauce in Spain, having shipped ready-made sauce from Holland to get product back into supply.

Upon the Spaniards ' arrival to the Philippines, they were dismayed to find such a strong Muslim presence on the island, having just expelled the Moors from Spain after centuries of fighting.

As of 21 December 2011, the prime minister of Spain is Mariano Rajoy, president of the People's Party, having been the leader of the opposition from 2004 to 2011.

The Constitutional Court () has jurisdiction over all Spain, competent to hear appeals against the alleged unconstitutionality of laws and regulations having the force of law, as well as individual appeals for protection ( recursos de amparo ) against violation of the rights and liberties granted by the constitution.

As for employment, a longtime weakness of the Spanish economy, after having completed large improvements over the second half of the 1990s and during the 2000s ( decade ), which put a few regions on the brink of full employment, Spain suffered a severe setback from October 2008, when it saw its unemployment rate surging to 1996 levels.

In August 2012 Spain beat its own record of monthly arrivals, having registered 7. 9 million visitors.

Like Louis XIV, Leopold was a first cousin of the King of Spain and a nephew of Philip IV in the maternal line, his mother having been a younger sister of Philip IV ( Maria Anna of Spain ); moreover, Philip IV had stipulated the succession should pass to the Austrian Habsburg line in his will.

* January 16 – Charles I, having already abdicated as Holy Roman Emperor, resigns the Kingdom of Spain in favour of his son, Philip II, and retires to a monastery.

Long an impoverished land having little contact with any nations other than adjoining France and Spain, Andorra after World War II achieved considerable prosperity through a developing tourist industry.

Spain and Portugal joined ( having applied in 1977 ) on 1 January 1986 in the third enlargement.

According to Irish legend, as a young girl Ní Mháille wished to go on a trading expedition to Spain with her father, and on being told she could not because her long hair would catch in the ship's ropes, she cut off most of her hair to embarrass her father into taking her, thus earning her the nickname " Gráinne Mhaol " (; from maol bald or having cropped hair ).

During this voyage he took possession of the Falkland Islands on the part of Britain, in 1765, on the ground of prior discovery, and his doing so was nearly the cause of a war between Great Britain and Spain, both countries having armed fleets to contest the sovereignty of the barren islands.

On 23 June 1661, a marriage treaty was signed, Catherine's dowry securing to England Tangier ( in North Africa ) and the Seven islands of Bombay ( the latter having a major influence on the development of the British Empire in India ), together with trading privileges in Brazil and the East Indies, religious and commercial freedom in Portugal and two million Portuguese crowns ( about £ 300, 000 ); while Portugal obtained military and naval support against Spain and liberty of worship for Catherine.