Because of the size exclusion, the colloidal particles are unable to pass through the pores of an ultrafiltration membrane with a size smaller than their own dimension.

If a ray tracing is then made as if a light wave ( as understood in classical physics ) is wide enough to take both paths, then that ray tracing will accurately predict the appearance of maxima and minima on the detector screen when many particles pass through the apparatus and gradually " paint " the expected interference pattern.

As these particles pass through magnetic fields, they emit synchrotron radiation.

While the particles themselves can move quite slowly, sometimes with an average drift velocity only fractions of a millimetre per second, the electric field that drives them itself propagates at close to the speed of light, enabling electrical signals to pass rapidly along wires.

Diagram of simple filtration: oversize particles in the feed cannot pass through the lattice structure of the filter, while fluid and small particles pass through, becoming filtrate.

In sieving, particles that are too big to pass through the holes of the sieve are retained ( see particle size distribution ).

Alpha particles could pass through the thin glass wall but were contained within the surrounding glass envelope.

He exposed boiled broths to air in vessels that contained a filter to prevent all particles from passing through to the growth medium, and even in vessels with no filter at all, with air being admitted via a long tortuous tube that would not allow dust particles to pass.

Small particles (< ~ 40kDa ) are able to pass through the nuclear pore complex by passive diffusion.

Larger particles are also able to pass through the large diameter of the pore but at almost negligible rates.

The reason for this is that, in one dimension, exchange of particles requires that they pass through each other ; for infinitely strong repulsion this cannot happen.

For both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, particles of approximately 2 nm can pass through the peptidoglycan.

If the plum-pudding model were correct, the positive " pudding ", being more spread out than in the current model of a concentrated nucleus, would not be able to exert such large coulombic forces, and the alpha particles should only be deflected by small angles as they pass through.

PM10 is defined by ISO as particles which pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 10 μm aerodynamic diameter.

PM10 corresponds to the “ thoracic convention ” as defined in ISO 7708: 1995, Clause 6 and PM2. 5 as particles which pass through a size-selective inlet with a 50 % efficiency cut-off at 2, 5 μm aerodynamic diameter.

This is because unlike visible light, which is scattered or absorbed by solid particles, the IR radiation can pass through the microscopic interstellar particles, but in the process there are absorptions at certain wavelengths that are characteristic of the composition of the grains.

* Disintegrators and granulators repeatedly cut the paper at random until the particles are small enough to pass through a mesh.

Because Giotto would pass so very close to the nucleus ESA was mostly convinced it would not survive the encounter due to bombardment from the many high speed cometary particles.

Graham went on to study the diffusion of substances in solution and in the process made the discovery that some apparent solutions actually are suspensions of particles too large to pass through a parchment filter.

From the Booster the particles pass into the Main Injector, which was completed in 1999 to perform a number of tasks.

An aerosol of such small particles, moreover, diffuses through structures in much the same manner as a gas.

Water is drawn in through their mouths, which are usually at the bottom of their heads, and passes through branchial food traps between their mouths and their gills where fine particles are trapped in mucus and filtered out.

In 1909, Hans Geiger and Ernest Marsden, under the direction of physicist Ernest Rutherford, bombarded a sheet of gold foil with alpha rays — by then known to be positively charged helium atoms — and discovered that a small percentage of these particles were deflected through much larger angles than was predicted using Thomson's proposal.

If substances emitting alpha particles are ingested, inhaled, injected or introduced through the skin, then it could result in a measurable dose.

The dust created through the grinding and cutting of abalone shell is dangerous ; appropriate safeguards must be taken to protect people from inhaling these particles.

In 1932, soon after the prediction of positrons by Paul Dirac, Carl D. Anderson found that cosmic-ray collisions produced these particles in a cloud chamber — a particle detector in which moving electrons ( or positrons ) leave behind trails as they move through the gas.

Properties of antiparticles can be related to those of particles through this.

For example, if a colloid consists of a solid phase dispersed in a liquid, the solid particles will not diffuse through a membrane, whereas with a true solution the dissolved ions or molecules will diffuse through a membrane.

When light is sent through the sample, it is backscattered by the particles / droplets.

Also, while elementary particles showed predictable properties in many experiments, they became highly unpredictable in certain contexts, for example, if one attempted to measure their individual trajectories through a simple physical apparatus.

The Eulerian description, introduced by d ' Alembert, focuses on the current configuration, giving attention to what is occurring at a fixed point in space as time progresses, instead of giving attention to individual particles as they move through space and time.

* The high speed of electromagnetic waves is roughly analogous to the speed of sound in a gas ( these waves move through the medium much faster than any individual particles do )

In HPLC the sample is forced by a liquid at high pressure ( the mobile phase ) through a column that is packed with a stationary phase composed of irregularly or spherically shaped particles, a porous monolithic layer, or a porous membrane.

* Electrical conduction, the movement of charged particles through an electrical conductor

The most widely accepted explanation for these phenomena is that dark matter exists and that it is most likely composed of heavy particles that interact only through gravity and possibly the weak force ; however, alternate explanations have been proposed, and there is not yet sufficient experimental evidence to determine which is correct.

Many experiments to detect proposed dark matter particles through non-gravitational means are underway.

The wave nature of light causes the light waves passing through the two slits to interfere, producing bright and dark bands on the screen — a result that would not be expected if light consisted strictly of particles.

If light consisted strictly of ordinary or classical particles, and these particles were fired in a straight line through a slit and allowed to strike a screen on the other side, we would expect to see a pattern corresponding to the size and shape of the slit.

Sending particles through a double-slit apparatus one at a time results in single particles appearing on the screen, as expected.

If one puts a detector screen on the other side, the pattern of detected particles shows interference fringes characteristic of waves ; however, the detector screen responds to particles.

This means that particles are propelled by the evanescent field while being trapped by the linear bright fringes.

As particles ( either naturally occurring or induced ) entrained in the fluid pass through the fringes, they reflect light that is then collected by a receiving optics and focused on a photodetector ( typically an avalanche photodiode ).