The protein-bound iodine was 6.6 mg., and the radioactive iodine uptake over the thyroid gland was 46% in 24 hours, with a conversion ratio of 12%.

Astatine is the least reactive of the halogens, being less reactive than iodine ; however, multiple compounds of astatine have been synthesized in microscopic amounts and studied as intensively as possible before their inevitable radioactive disintegration.

If available, inhabitants may take potassium iodide at the rate of 130 mg / day per adult ( 65 mg / day per child ) as an additional measure to protect the thyroid gland from the uptake of dangerous radioactive iodine, a component of most fallout and reactor waste.

A radioactive iodine uptake test and thyroid scan together characterizes or enables radiologists and doctors to determine the cause of hyperthyroidism.

The uptake test uses radioactive iodine injected or taken orally on an empty stomach to measure the amount of iodine absorbed by the thyroid gland.

The uptake test involves administering a dose of radioactive iodine ( radioiodine ), traditionally Iodine-131 or < sup > 131 </ sup > I, and more recently Iodine-123 or < sup > 123 </ sup > I.

Surgery ( thyroidectomy to remove the whole thyroid or a part of it ) is not extensively used because most common forms of hyperthyroidism are quite effectively treated by the radioactive iodine method, and because there is a risk of also removing the parathyroid glands, and of cutting the recurrent laryngeal nerve, making swallowing difficult, and even simply generalized staphylococcal infection as with any major surgery.

This isotope of radioactive iodine used for ablative treatment is more potent than diagnostic radioiodine ( usually iodine-123 or a very low amount of iodine-131 ), which has a biological half life from 8 – 13 hours.

Most patients do not experience any difficulty after the radioactive iodine treatment, usually given as a small pill.

Women breastfeeding should discontinue breastfeeding for at least a week, and likely longer, following radioactive iodine treatment, as small amounts of radioactive iodine may be found in breast milk even several weeks after the radioactive iodine treatment.

The AEC had a history of involvement in experiments involving radioactive iodine.

On occasion, some patients may require more than one radioactive treatment, depending on the type of disease present, the size of the thyroid, and the initial dose administered.

The reason is that this treatment requires nuclear radiological expertise and facilities, since the animal's urine, sweat, saliva, and stool are radioactive for several days after the treatment, requiring special inpatient handling and facilities usually for a total of 3 weeks ( first week in total isolation and the next two weeks in close confinement ).

Radiation and radioactive substances are used for diagnosis, treatment, and research.

The radioactive isotope samarium-153 is the major component of the drug samarium (< sup > 153 </ sup > Sm ) lexidronam ( Quadramet ) which kills cancer cells in the treatment of lung cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer and osteosarcoma.

Radiopharmaceuticals are any of a number of compounds using a radioisotope for medical treatment, usually by bringing the radioactive isotope to a high concentration in the body near a particular organ.

In 1990, she was diagnosed with Graves ' disease, and underwent radioactive iodine treatment followed by thyroid hormone replacement therapy.

Chemistry for nuclear power Radiochemistry, radiation chemistry and nuclear chemical engineering play a very important role for uranium and thorium fuel precursors synthesis, starting from ores of these elements, fuel fabrication, coolant chemistry, fuel reprocessing, radioactive waste treatment and storage, monitoring of radioactive elements release during reactor operation and radioactive geological storage, etc A combination of radiochemistry and radiation chemistry is used to study nuclear reactions such as nuclear fission.

After radioactive iodine treatment, the urine will be radioactive or ' hot ', and the patients themselves will also be radioactive.

The two main types of brachytherapy treatment in terms of the placement of the radioactive source are interstitial and contact.

* Permanent brachytherapy, also known as seed implantation, involves placing small LDR radioactive seeds or pellets ( about the size of a grain of rice ) in the tumour or treatment site and leaving them there permanently to gradually decay.

Measurements of natural neutrino emission have demonstrated that around half of the heat emanating from the Earth's core results from radioactive decay.

One type of radioactive decay results in products which are not defined, but appear in a range of " pieces " of the original nucleus.

Radon is an invisible, radioactive atomic gas that results from the radioactive decay of radium, which may be found in rock formations beneath buildings or in certain building materials themselves.

The radioactive carbon-14 in successive growth increments of a single tree that had been killed by a TBJ pyroclastic flow was measured in detail using accelerator mass spectrometry ; the results supported the date of AD 535 as the year in which the tree died.

Classic examples are Poul Anderson's Three Hearts and Three Lions, in which petrification means danger because turning carbon to silicon results in a radioactive isotope, and his Operation Chaos, where werewolves and other lycanthropes are the same size in human and animal form, owing to conservation of mass.

In the S-process, a stable isotope captures a neutron, but the radioactive isotope that results decays to its stable daughter before the next neutron is captured.

Care must be taken to avoid using nuclei which undergo fission or neutron capture that results in radioactive decay of nuclei that produce gamma rays.

After researchers in other laboratories were unable to replicate Spector's results, it was found that Spector had knowingly incorporated radioactive iodine into proteins rather than radioactive phosphate, allowing him to fabricate an imaginary regulatory cascade.

The results showed the soil is mainly crumbled schist containing nothing radioactive.

The result was quite a surprise following the negative results of the first two tests, with a steady stream of radioactive gases being given off by the soil immediately following the first injection.

On 21 August 2009 she announced on her website the results from a post-treatment scan which showed the radioactive iodine had been successful with no signs of the thyroid cancer having spread anywhere else.

In general, this happens as a result of thyroid hormones being released into the blood following the radioactive iodine-mediated destruction of thyroid cells that contain thyroid hormone.

Today, nuclear power is not widespread in space propulsion because of another safety risk, namely that of the reactor core or other radioactive materials falling back to Earth upon accidental or programmed destruction of the spacecraft.

However, despite their efforts, Khyron is still able to steer his warship in a suicide run against the SDF-1, destroying it and rendering New Macross City uninhabitable due to the radioactive fallout from the ships ' destruction.

In iodine-131 ( radioiodine ) radioisotope therapy, which was first pioneered by Dr. Saul Hertz, radioactive iodine-131 is given orally ( either by pill or liquid ) on a one-time basis, to severely restrict, or altogether destroy the function of a hyperactive thyroid gland.

As thyroid cancer can take up iodine, radioactive iodine is commonly used to treat thyroid carcinomas, followed by TSH suppression by high-dose thyroxine therapy.

In a report by the National Cancer Institute, released in 1997, it was determined that ninety atmospheric tests at the Nevada Test Site ( NTS ) deposited high levels of radioactive iodine-131 ( 5. 5 exabecquerels ) across a large portion of the contiguous United States, especially in the years 1952, 1953, 1955, and 1957 — doses large enough, they determined, to produce 10, 000 to 75, 000 cases of thyroid cancer.

Exposure to radioactive iodine creates a potential risk to the developing fetal thyroid, especially once it begins to concentrate iodine at 10 to 12 weeks of gestation.

Thyroid disease ( both benign conditions like thyrotoxicosis and malignant conditions like papillary thyroid cancer ) can be treated with radioactive iodine ( iodine-131 ) which is then concentrated into the thyroid.

* RAI, radioactive iodine, in the medical context of the treatment of thyroid problems

Shortly after the announcement that the islands were safe, a group of the native people left their makeshift home to return to Bikini, but were evacuated ten years later after some developed radiation poisoning from Cesium-137, including thyroid cancer, ( some sources also state Strontium-90 ), a remnant of the radioactive fallout.

Of particular concern at the time was the radioactive isotope iodine-131, which may lead to cancer of the thyroid, and it has been estimated that the incident caused 240 additional cancer cases.

The test released 880, 000 curies ( 33 PBq ) of radioactive iodine-131, an agent of thyroid disease, into the atmosphere.

When < sup > 131 </ sup > I is present in high levels in the environment from radioactive fallout, it can be absorbed through contaminated food, and will also accumulate in the thyroid.

The thyroid will absorb very little of the radioactive iodine-131 after it is saturated with non-radioactive iodide, thereby avoiding the damage caused by radiation from radioiodine.