`` I would expect the proposed committee to hold public hearings '', Mr. Notte said, `` to obtain the views of the general public and religious, labor and special-interest groups affected by these laws ''.

In some places, blue laws may be enforced due to religious principles, but others are retained as a matter of tradition or out of convenience.

These Sunday laws enacted at the state and local levels would sometimes carry penalties for doing non-religious activities on Sunday as part of an effort to enforce religious observance and church attendance.

Later that century, under the Third French Republic, laws were enacted preventing religious teaching.

In other cases, parents have been legally exonerated — often because of exemptions in state laws to taking legal action against people who relied on religious cures.

The major factors shaping a cuisine are climate, which in large measure determines the native raw materials that are available, economic conditions, which affect trade and can affect food distribution, imports and exports, and religious or sumptuary laws, under which certain foods are required or proscribed.

For example, what Jews from Eastern Europe and from North Africa consider " Jewish food " has more in common with the cuisines of non-Jewish Eastern Europeans and North Africans than with each other, although for religious Jews all food-preparation must conform to the same laws of Kashrut.

Mary set about trying to restore Roman Catholicism by making sure that: Edward's religious laws were abolished in the Statute of Repeal Act ( 1553 ); the Protestant religious laws passed in the time of Henry VIII were repealed ; and the Revival of the Heresy Acts were passed in 1554.

Omri, King of Israel, continued policies dating from the reign of Jeroboam, contrary to the laws of Moses, that were intended to reorient religious focus away from Jerusalem: encouraging the building of local temple altars for sacrifices, appointing priests from outside the family of the Levites, and allowing or encouraging temples dedicated to the Canaanite god, Baal.

This often requires — or leads to — knowledge of antiquated laws, old political boundaries, migration trends, and historical socioeconomic or religious conditions.

He executed the laws enforcing religious conformity with severity, and filled the parish churches, but resisted the excessive measures of tyranny prescribed by the English government ; and in consequence of an intrigue of the Duke of Queensberry and Lord Perth, who gained the duchess of Portsmouth with a present of £ 27, 000, he was dismissed in 1684.

Parliament enacted laws which forbade non-Anglican religious meetings of more than five people, essentially making Quaker meetings illegal.

It moved to replace religious and traditional laws with secular and Marxist-Leninist ones.

Halakha () ( Sephardic Hebrew pronunciation ) ( ha-la-chAH )— also transliterated Halocho ( Ashkenazic Hebrew pronunciation ) ( ha-LUH-chuh ), or Halacha — is the collective body of religious laws for Jews, including biblical law ( the 613 mitzvot ) and later talmudic and rabbinic law, as well as customs and traditions.

Judaism classically draws no distinction in its laws between religious and ostensibly non-religious life ; Jewish religious tradition does not distinguish clearly between religious, national, racial, or ethnic identities.

Those in the liberal and classical wings of Reform believe that in this day and era most Jewish religious rituals are no longer necessary, and many hold that following most Jewish laws is actually counter-productive.

They propose that Judaism has entered a phase of ethical monotheism, and that the laws of Judaism are only remnants of an earlier stage of religious evolution, and need not be followed.

The hate speech laws in Poland punish those who offend the feelings of the religious by e. g. disturbing a religious ceremony or creating public calumny.

Singapore has passed numerous laws that prohibit speech that causes disharmony among various religious groups.

Upon second thought we were forced to realize that we have very few reliable historical benchmarks against which we might compare the present situation, and that conclusions that present-day students are `` more '' or `` less '' religious could not be defended on the basis of our data.

But people differ in their religious beliefs on scores of doctrines, without taking up arms against those who disagree with them.

In 1920, the Lambeth Conference repeated its 1908 condemnation of contraception and issued `` an emphatic warning against the use of unnatural means for the avoidance of conception, together with the grave dangers -- physical, moral, and religious -- thereby incurred, and against the evils which the extension of such use threaten the race ''.

Since American life is committed above all to productivity and a higher standard of economic life, the countervailing forces of residential and religious exclusiveness have fought a desperate, rearguard action against the expanding interdependence of the metropolis.

There were many letters of strong protest against the portrait of the Anglican clergyman, who was indeed portrayed as a man not particularly concerned with religious matters and without really very much to do as clergyman.

Pakistan was created in 1947 expressly as a Muslim state, but when the army took over eleven years later it did so on a wave of mass impatience which was directed in part against the inability of political and religious leaders to think their way through to the meaning of Islam for the modern political situation.

Milne did not speak out much on the subject of religion, although he used religious terms to explain his decision, while remaining a pacifist, to join the army: " In fighting Hitler ", he wrote, " we are truly fighting the Devil, the Anti-Christ ... Hitler was a crusader against God.

The installation was accompanied by a mass protest from local Roman Catholics and a religious service against the growth of skepticism and secularism.

In addition to opposing the ADA on grounds of cost, church groups like the National Association of Evangelicals testified against the ADA's Title I ( employment ) provisions on grounds of religious liberty.

It is against this background that two religious orders or congregations, one of men and one of women, when founded in the Milan area during the 13th and 15th centuries, took Saint Ambrose as their patron and hence adopted his name.

Current positions of the ACLU include: opposing the death penalty ; supporting gay marriage and the right of gays to adopt ; supporting birth control and abortion rights ; eliminating discrimination against women, minorities, and gays ; supporting the rights of prisoners and opposing torture ; supporting the right of religious persons to practice their faiths without government interference ; and opposing any government preference for religion over non-religion, or for particular faiths over others.

Externally, political activity on the part of Ásatrú organizations has surrounded campaigns against alleged religious discrimination, such as the call for the introduction of an Ásatrú " emblem of belief " by the United States Department of Veterans Affairs to parallel the Wiccan pentacle granted to the widow of Patrick Stewart in 2006.

* 1993 – 450 prisoners rioted at the Southern Ohio Correctional Facility in Lucasville, Ohio, and continued to do so for ten days, citing grievances related to prison conditions, as well as the forced vaccination of Nation of Islam prisoners ( for tuberculosis ) against their religious beliefs.

The question of moral duties towards animals and of negative karma incurred from violence against them is discussed in detail in some Hindu scriptures and religious lawbooks.

The story of Jonah is set against the background of Ancient Israel in the 8th-7th centuries BC but deals with the religious and social issues of the late 6th-4th centuries BC, coinciding with the views of latter chapters of the book of Isaiah ( Third Isaiah ), where Israel is given a prominent place in the expansion of God's kingdom to the Gentiles.

They may instead be entirely vegetarian, especially among those for whom there are religious proscriptions against eating meat or seafood.

" A new religious figure called " The Preacher " has risen in the desert, railing against the religious government's injustices and the changes among the Fremen.

Locke held that the individual had the right to follow his own religious beliefs and that the state should not impose a religion against Dissenters.

The osu class systems of eastern Nigeria and southern Cameroon are derived from indigenous religious beliefs and discriminate against the " Osus " people as " owned by deities " and outcasts.

" Clay Witt, a minister in the Metropolitan Community Church, explains how theologians and commentators like John Shelby Spong, George Edwards and Michael England interpret injunctions against certain sexual acts as being originally intended as a means of distinguishing religious worship between Abrahamic and the surrounding pagan faiths, within which homosexual acts featured as part of idolatrous religious practices: " England argues that these prohibitions should be seen as being directed against sexual practices of fertility cult worship.

At Oxford one hundred years ago there were very few Catholics, partly because religious tests were removed only in 1854.

When in December 1978 there was media speculation that Prince Charles might marry a Roman Catholic, Powell defended the provision that excludes Roman Catholics from ascending the throne, claiming his objection was not rooted in religious bigotry but in political considerations.

Language became increasingly linked to nation as opposed to culture, and was also used to promote religious and ethnic identity ( e. g. different Bible translations in the same language for Catholics and Protestants ).

He concluded that a severe backlash against suspected Catholics would have followed, and that without foreign assistance a successful rebellion would have been unlikely ; despite differing religious convictions, most Englishmen were loyal to the institution of the monarchy.

Beginning as a religious conflict between Protestants and Catholics in Bohemia, it gradually developed into a general war involving much of Europe, for reasons not necessarily related to religion.

The causes were the conflicts between Catholics and Protestants, the efforts by the various states within the Empire to increase their power and the Catholic Emperor's attempt to achieve the religious and political unity of the Empire.

The Covenanters meanwhile, were left governing Scotland, where they raised a large army of their own and tried to impose their religious settlement on Episcopalians and Roman Catholics in the north of the country.

James's attempt to introduce religious toleration to England's Roman Catholics alienated his Protestant subjects.

In cities such as Glasgow the Catholics operated their own schools, which directed their youth into clerical and middle class occupations, as well as religious vocations.

The main provisions of the Edict of Nantes were as follows: a ) Huguenots were allowed to hold religious services in certain towns in each province, b ) They were allowed to control and fortify eight cities ( including La Rochelle and Montauban ), c ) Special courts were established to try Huguenot offenders, d ) Huguenots were to have equal civil rights with the Catholics.

After James took the step of forcing Anglican clergymen to read the Declaration of Indulgence — the proclamation granting religious liberty to Catholics and dissenters — from their churches in May 1688, his popularity plunged further.

# to promote mutual understanding, respect and collaboration between Catholics and the followers of others religious traditions ;

Examination of these contributions indicates that Protestants, Catholics, and Jews are divided among themselves in their beliefs, and that there is no unanimity among the members of any religious establishment as to this subject.

Many religious believers kneel in prayer, and some ( Roman Catholics, and Anglicans ) genuflect, bending one knee to touch the ground, at various points during religious services ; the Orthodox Christian equivalent is a deep bow from the waist, and as an especially solemn obeisance the Orthodox make prostrations, bending down on both knees and touching the forehead to the floor.

By the 17th century, the city of Skopje had a diverse religious population which included Orthodox Christians, Muslims, Roman Catholics and Jews.

Burning at the stake had long been a standard punishment for heresy — about thirty burnings had taken place in the century before More's elevation to Chancellor, and burning continued to be used by both Catholics and Protestants during the religious upheaval of the following decades.

The steadfastness and courage with which More held on to his religious convictions in the face of ruin and death and the dignity with which he conducted himself during his imprisonment, trial, and execution, contributed much to More's posthumous reputation, particularly among Catholics, although his zealous persecution of Protestants while Lord Chancellor makes him a poor example for modern notions of religious liberty.

Initially, it was fought largely as a religious war between Protestants and Catholics in the Holy Roman Empire, although disputes over internal politics and the balance of power within the Empire played a significant part.

In the second half of the 17th century, tensions between Catholics and Protestants grew, similarly to religious wars throughout Europe.

Though the people of Venice generally remained orthodox Roman Catholics, the state of Venice was notable for its freedom from religious fanaticism and it enacted not a single execution for religious heresy during the Counter-Reformation.

In religious respect there were 58 % Protestants, 37 % Catholics ( including at least 2 % of Poles ) and 5 % Jews ( counting 20, 536 in the 1905 census ).