They incorporate an endotracheal lumen which terminates in the trachea and an endobronchial lumen, the distal tip of which is positioned 1 – 2 cm into the right or left mainstem bronchus.

Two LED flashlight extremes: Olight SR90 2, 200 lumen ( left ), 4sevens Quark Mini CR2 180 lumen ( right ), AA battery for size recognition

Intravascular ultrasound image of a coronary artery ( left ), with color coding on the right, delineating the lumen ( yellow ), external elastic membrane ( blue ) and the atherosclerotic plaque burden ( green ).

The blue outline delineates the cross-sectional area of the lumen of the artery ( A1 in the upper right corner ), measuring 6. 0 mm < sup > 2 </ sup >.

* In the second main variety of gland the secretory portion is enlarged and the lumen variously increased in size.

The medial, concave area of the lumen is lined with a pseudo stratified epithelium that has three main cell types: receptor cells, supporting cells, and basal cells.

Gastric acid is then secreted into the lumen of the oxyntic gland and gradually reaches the main stomach lumen.

When using IVUS to determine whether an individual's left main disease is clinically significant, in terms of the desirability of physical intervention, the two most widely used parameters are the degree of stenosis and the minimal lumen area.

* vasa vasorum internae, that originate directly from the main lumen of the artery and then branch into the vessel wall.

* venous vasa vasorae, that originate within the vessel wall of the artery but then drain into the main lumen or branches of concomitant vein.

Due to higher radial and circumferential pressures within the vessel wall layers closer to the main lumen of the artery, vasa vasorum externa cannot perfuse these regions of the vessel wall ( occlusive pressure ).

With the source of light behind the copy, there is no loss of lumen output, as with conventional boards illuminated by means of reflected light.

The luminous gain of a single stage with Af ( flux gain ) is, to a first approximation, given by the product of the photocathode sensitivity S ( amp / lumen ), the anode potential V ( volts ), and the phosphor conversion efficiency P ( lumen/watt ).

Inside it is an empty area called the thylakoid space or lumen.

The space between the outer and inner membranes is called the perinuclear space and is joined with the lumen of the rough ER.

The phosphorylation of molecules requires that ATP is imported into the lumen of the Golgi and utilised by resident kinases such as casein kinase 1 and casein kinase 2.

Once inside the lumen of the lymphatic vessels, the fluid is guided along increasingly larger vessels, first with rudimentary valves to prevent backflow, which later develop into complete valves similar to the venous valve.

The energy created by the electron acceptors is used to move hydrogen ions across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen.

The proton pump is the terminal stage in gastric acid secretion, being directly responsible for secreting H < sup >+</ sup > ions into the gastric lumen, making it an ideal target for inhibiting acid secretion.

The cholesterol build-up is gradual and eventually narrows the lumen.

The hollow internal cavity in which the blood flows is called the lumen.

In the mosquito Anopheles stephensi Liston, trypsin activity is restricted entirely to the posterior midgut lumen.

All posterior midgut activity is restricted to the posterior midgut lumen.

Trypsin is the major primary hydrolytic protease and is secreted into the posterior midgut lumen without activation in the posterior midgut epithelium.

After a short incubation period of a few hours to one day, the germs multiply in the intestinal lumen, causing an intestinal inflammation with diarrhea that is often mucopurulent and bloody.

An adaptation that enables them to eat so much is a mechanism in a specialized midgut that quickly transports ions to the lumen ( midgut cavity ), to keep the potassium level higher in the midgut cavity than in the blood .< ref >

Therefore, to maintain a charge balance in the lumen, sodium is carried with it, along with water.

Appendicitis is the result of a blockage that traps infectious material in the lumen.

The lumen is the cavity where digested food passes through and from where nutrients are absorbed.

Going from inside the lumen radially outwards, one passes the mucosa ( glandular epithelium and muscular is mucosa ), sub mucosa, muscular is external ( made up of inner circular and outer longitudinal ), and lastly serosa.

Second, the endothelial cell junctions are reorganized and the vessel bilayer is perforated to allow growth factors and cells to penetrate into the lumen.

Treatments are balloon angioplasty, in which the balloon is inserted at the end of a catheter and inflated to widen the arterial lumen.

When a thrombus occupies more than 75 % of cross-sectional area of the lumen of an artery, blood flow to the tissue supplied is reduced enough to cause symptoms because of decreased oxygen ( hypoxia ) and accumulation of metabolic products like lactic acid.

To avoid being carried into the lumen, H. pylori senses the pH gradient within the mucus layer by chemotaxis and swims away from the acidic contents of the lumen towards the more neutral pH environment of the epithelial cell surface.

Gastrin stimulates the parietal cells in the corpus to secrete even more acid into the stomach lumen.

CT is more sensitive than ultrasonography in the depiction of pericholecystic inflammatory response and in localizing pericholecystic abscesses, pericholecystic gas, and calculi outside the lumen of the gallbladder.

Gastrin works on stomach parietal cells causing them to secrete more hydrogen ions into the stomach lumen.

This gives the lumen of the fluid in the loop a positive charge in comparison and creates a Na concentration gradient which both push more Na into the cell via the Na-H antiporter.

This recognition promoted more frequent use of stents to hold the plaque outward against the inner artery walls, out of the lumen.

Generally an atheroma becomes vulnerable if it grows more rapidly and has a thin cover separating it from the bloodstream inside the arterial lumen.

By about 1990, lumen stenosis of the coronary arteries was more commonly treated by the angioplasty technique than by coronary artery bypass surgery.

Since the later 1990s, most angioplasties also involve a stent over the angioplasty balloon ; the balloon is hydraulically ( typically 6 up to 25 atmospheres of internal pressure ) expanded, then deflated and removed while the stent remains behind to mechanically support the lumen remaining in the new, more open shape as created by the hydraulically expanded balloon.

Tumor cells may form gland-like round or elongated structures that resemble the embryologic ependymal canal, with long, delicate processes extending into the lumen ; more frequently present are perivascular pseudorosettes in which tumor cells are arranged around vessels with an intervening zone consisting of thin ependymal processes directed toward the wall of the vessel.

UV radiation must be eliminated to the extent it is physically possible ; it is recommended that light with a wavelength below 400 nm ( ultraviolet radiation ) be limited to no more than 75 microwatts per lumen at 10 to 100 lux.

ANSI lumen measurements are in general more accurate than the other measurement techniques used in the projector industry.

This, in turn, lowers the intracellular Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > concentration so that more Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup > may diffuse into the cell via apical Ca < sup > 2 +</ sup >- selective channels ( TRPV5 ) --> ( In other words, less Ca ++ in the cell creates a force for reabsorption from the lumen ).

This then causes the basolateral Na / K exchanger to more actively exchange Na for K, which is then passively secreted into the lumen through apical channels, resulting in K loss.

A more notable product is the SureFire M6 Guardian, a flashlight with a 250 or 500 lumen beam from a xenon incandescent light bulb.

With a square wave voltage, the cathodes spend much more time emitting electrons and exciting the plasma, creating a gain of 5 – 10 % in lumen output.

Because cattle are fed corn in CAFOs instead of grass, this changes the pH of the lumen so that it is more hospitable to E. Coli.