The loudness of these disturbances is called the sound pressure level ( SPL ), and is measured on a logarithmic scale in decibels.

In the tube anemometer the pressure is measured, although the scale is usually graduated as a velocity scale.

On the Fahrenheit scale, the freezing point of water is 32 degrees Fahrenheit (° F ) and the boiling point 212 ° F ( at standard atmospheric pressure ).

The use of a centrifuge enhances the similarity of the scale model tests involving soil because the strength and stiffness of soil is very sensitive to the confining pressure.

Insurance including any professional liability, intellectual capital protections, an ethical code perhaps enforced by peer pressure and software, and other benefits of a strong association of producers of knowledge, benefit from economies of scale, and may prevent cut-throat competition that leads to inferior services undercutting prices.

However as a result of intense pressure from the U. S. authorities, widespread efforts are currently being made to introduce systematic anti-money laundering initiatives on a global scale, to better curb the activities of the financiers of terrorism and those engaged in laundering the profits of drug smuggling.

* the right portion of the face is used to measure fuel pump pressure and is calibrated in fractions of 1 kgf / cm² on its inner scale and pounds per square inch on its outer scale.

Waves ( ripples and flapping motion ) along the magnetopause move in the direction of the solar wind flow in response to small scale variations in the solar wind pressure and to Kelvin-Helmholtz instability.

Although the average Martian surface atmospheric pressure is less than one percent of Earth's, the much lower gravity on Mars increases the atmosphere's scale height ; in other words, Mars's atmosphere is expansive and does not drop off in density with height as sharply as Earth's.

At the other end of the scale, helium does not freeze at all at normal pressure, even at temperatures very close to absolute zero ; pressures over 20 times normal atmospheric pressure are necessary.

Sometimes psychological pressure is added by claiming that the Nigerian side, to pay certain fees, had to sell belongings and borrow money on a house, or by pointing out the different salary scale and living conditions in Africa, compared to the West.

In the direct reading hydrostatic manometer design on the left, unknown pressure pushes the liquid down the left side of the manometer U-tube ( or unknown vacuum pulls the liquid up the tube, as shown ) where a length scale next to the tube measures the pressure, referenced to the other, open end of the manometer on the right side of the U-tube.

The presence of a large scale high pressure subtropical ridge on each side of the equator reduces cloudiness at these low latitudes.

This is sometimes written as V = k T, where k is a constant dependent on the type, mass, and pressure of the gas and T is temperature on an absolute scale ( in terms of the ideal gas law, k = n · R / P ).

The Bohr radius | size of helium atoms relative to their spacing is shown to scale under 1950 Atmosphere ( unit ) | atmospheres of pressure.

On a larger scale, seedlings sprouting in a crevice and plant roots exert physical pressure as well as providing a pathway for water and chemical infiltration.

Weather maps are created by plotting or tracing the values of relevant quantities such as sea level pressure, temperature, and cloud cover onto a geographical map to help find synoptic scale features such as weather fronts.

Migratory pressure systems and frontal zones exist on this scale.

If we define the exobase as the height at which upward traveling molecules experience one collision on average, then at this position the mean free path of a molecule is equal to one pressure scale height.

which is the equation for the pressure scale height.

One model for the atmospheric pressure at a height h is.

* is the rate of change in atmospheric pressure with respect to height at the height h and is proportional to the buoyant force on the skydiver at h meters above sea level.

f ′( g ( 10 )) is the change in pressure with respect to height at the height g ( 10 ) and is expressed in Pascals per meter.

For instance, because the 10 in the problem represents ten seconds, the expression f ′( 10 ) represents the change in pressure at a height of ten seconds, which is nonsense.

Similarly, because meters per second, the expression f ′( g ′( 10 )) represents the change in pressure at a height of − 98 meters per second, which is also nonsense.

An observable a is a function that to each point of the phase space associates a number ( say instantaneous pressure, or average height ).

He constructed and patented in London a low-lift combined vacuum and pressure water pump, that generated about one horsepower ( hp ) and was used in numerous water works and tried in a few mines ( hence its " brand name ", The Miner's Friend ), but it was not a success since it was limited in pumping height and prone to boiler explosions.

The barometric fuze was not considered accurate enough to detonate the bomb at the precise ignition height, because air pressure varies with local conditions.

Fluid density and local gravity can vary from one reading to another depending on local factors, so the height of a fluid column does not define pressure precisely.

The difference in fluid height in a liquid column manometer is proportional to the pressure difference.

The pressure exerted by a column of fluid of height h and density ρ is given by the hydrostatic pressure equation, P = hgρ.

If the fluid being measured is significantly dense, hydrostatic corrections may have to be made for the height between the moving surface of the manometer working fluid and the location where the pressure measurement is desired except when measuring differential pressure of a fluid ( for example across an orifice plate or venturi ), in which case the density ρ should be corrected by subtracting the density of the fluid being measured.

‪ File: Evangelista Torricelli2. jpg ‬| Evangelista Torricelli ( 1608-1647 ): invented the barometer ‬‬ ( a glass tube of mercury inverted into a dish ), found that the change of height of the mercury each day was from atmospheric pressure, worked in geometry and developed integral calculus, published findings on fluid and projectile motion in his 1644 Opera Geometrica ( Geometric Works )‬‬‬

In addition, there can be differences in pressure due to differences in the elevation ( height ) of the fluid.

The height of the water on each side will change proportional to the pressure of the solutions.

Osmotic pressure causes the height of the water in the compartment containing the sugar to rise, due to movement of the pure water from the compartment without sugar into the compartment containing the sugar water.

The height of the column was then limited to the maximum weight that atmospheric pressure could support ; this is the limiting height of a suction pump, and the same as the maximum height of a siphon, which operates by the same principle.

There is unceasing pressure, but its sources are immediate.

One is that they were established, or gained eminence, under pressure provided by these same immigrants, from whom the old families wished to segregate their children.

Under this kind of pressure, it is not surprising that Wright would make sweeping statements to the newspapers.

It is, however, a disarming disguise, or perhaps a shield, for not only has Mercer proved himself to be one of the few great lyricists over the years, but also one who can function remarkably under pressure.

F.S.C. Northrop, in his discussion of The `` Functions And Future Of Poetry '', suggests this: `` One of the things which makes our lives drab and empty and which leaves us, at the end of the day, fatigued and deflated spiritually is the pressure of the taxing, practical, utilitarian concern of common-sense objects.

This magnificent but greatly underestimated book, which bodies forth the very form and pressure of its time as no other comparable creation, has suffered severely from having been written about an historical event -- the Spanish Civil War -- that is still capable of fanning the smoldering fires of old political feuds.

Mr. Wagner might or might not be a `` new '' Mayor in this third term, now that he is free of the pressure of those party leaders whom he calls `` bosses ''.

Gen. Taylor, the President's special military adviser, is a level-headed officer who is not likely to succumb to propaganda or pressure.

This is a common symptom and the cause usually is pressure on the nerve leading to the affected hand.

A truth-revealing crisis erupted in Katanga for a couple of days this month, to be quickly smothered by the high pressure verbal fog that is kept on tap for such emergencies.

The pressure for our entry to the Common Market is mounting and we will proceed towards this amalgamated trade union by way of a purely `` economic thoroughfare '', or garden path, with the political ramifications kept neatly in the background.

Several germanium resistors have been thermally cycled from 300 to 4.2 Af and their resistances have been found to be reproducible within 1/3 millidegree when temperatures were derived from a vapor pressure thermometer whose tubing is jacketed through most of the liquid helium.

A tire must be inflated to its normal hot operating pressure and the car must be loaded to its operating weight when this measurement is made.

Feed pressure is also of major importance.

Again Reverend Corder saved the bridge when Union soldiers planned to destroy it, after filling its two lanes with hay and straw -- but for what reason is not recorded nor remembered, certainly not because of pressure from an opposing Confederate force.

It is also possible to utilize a pressure transducer, mounted at the end of a catheter which is inserted into the heart's left ventricle, to indicate the blood pressure in the heart itself.

This pressure measurement may be made at the same time that the ultrasonic dimensioning measurement is made.

Advances in equipment and fabrication techniques give the sign or display manufacturer an extremely wide choice of production techniques, ranging from injection molding for intricate, smaller-size, mass-production signs ( generally 5000 units is the minimum ) to vacuum and pressure forming for larger signs of limited runs.

The pressure gradient producing the jet is due to the nature of the magnetic field in the arc ( rapid decrease of current density from cathode to the anode ).

This negative pressure is not explained by the velocity head Af since this is not sufficient to explain the readings by several magnitudes.