In 1971, two independent teams of researchers ( Yoshio Masui and Clement Markert, as well as Dennis Smith and Robert Ecker ) found that frog oocytes arrested in G2 could be induced to enter M phase by microinjection of cytoplasm from oocytes that had been hormonally stimulated.

This model provides a point of attack and has stimulated researchers to develop methods to decrease the rate of charge trapping by mechanisms such as nitrous oxide ( N < sub > 2 </ sub > O ) nitridation of the oxide.

While researchers originally believed abscisic acid to be the hormone that stimulated abscission ( for which the hormone was named ), it was later proven that it does not play a primary role.

The article by Watson and Crick did acknowledge that they had been " stimulated " by experimental results from the King's College researchers, and a similar acknowledgment was published by M. H. F. Wilkins, A. R.

A report in Nature suggested that researchers had found a way to transform human skin cells into working nerve cells using a process called transdifferentiation in which " cells are forced to adopt new identities.

Moreover, the generic use of the term " peripheral nerve hyperexcitability syndromes " to describe the aforementioned conditions is recommended and endorsed by several prominent researchers and practitioners in the field.

In 1952, researchers in Porton Down, England invented the VX nerve agent, inspired by the commercial pesticide Amiton, later reclassified as VG.

Clinical trials are currently underway in Antwerp, Belgium using VNS for the treatment of tonal tinnitus after a breakthrough study published in early 2011 by researchers at the University of Texas-Dallas showed successful tinnitus suppression in rats when tones were paired with brief pulses of stimulation of the vagus nerve.

Very little ongoing research has been conducted, with most nerve researchers focusing on nerve diseases and most physioneurologists concentrating on neuropathological reasons for such reactions.

A Danish case-control study published in 2002 suggested a relationship between long-term statin use and increased risk of nerve damage or polyneuropathy, but suggested this side effect is " rare, but it does occur "; other researchers have pointed to studies of the effectiveness of statins in trials involving 50, 000 people which have not shown nerve damage as a significant side effect.

Some researchers have suggested that the underlying problem of this disorder could be congenital hypoplasia or agenesis of the cranial nerve nuclei.

Some researchers theorize mammalian intelligence correlates to the number of nerve cells ( neurons ) in the cortex of the brain.

By understanding the neuroplastic changes following nerve damage, researchers may be able to better understand the mechanism of hyperexcitability in the nervous system that is believed to cause neuropathic pain.

In a paper published in the January 2010 issue of Science, an international team of researchers announced that devil facial tumour disease likely originated in Schwann cells, a type of cell found in the peripheral nervous system that is essential for the functions of nerve cells in the peripheral nervous system.

In 1957, French researchers A. Djourno and C. Eyries, with the help of D. Kayser, provided the first detailed description of directly stimulation the auditory nerve in a human subject.

By studying structures in 3D hydrogels, researchers can identify new models of nerve cell mechanoproperties.

Within BSEL, researchers are developing technology for converting agricultural byproducts into chemicals for products like plastics, solvents, fibers, pharmaceuticals, and fuel additives.

The biodegradability of fibers in soil burial and sewage sludge was evaluated by Korean researchers who found that biodegradability decreased in the following order: rayon, cotton, acetate ( meaning rayon decays more readily than cotton ).

Several researchers showed that human subjects could learn precise control of individual motor units ( motor neurons and the muscle fibers they control ).

The glassy fibers that attach the sponge to the ocean floor, 5-20 cm long and thin as human hair, are of interest to fiber optics researchers.

In addition, the Columbia researchers propose that an enzyme activated by this released calcium eats away at muscle fibers.

In December 2004, an international team of researchers stated the wall paintings at Bamiyan were painted between the 5th and the 9th centuries, rather than the 6th to 8th centuries, citing their analysis of radioactive isotopes contained in straw fibers found beneath the paintings.

Bahram Jalali and other researchers at UCLA studied microstructured optical fibers near the threshold of soliton supercontinuum generation and observed rogue wave phenomena.

Many of the models used to simulate fibers were developed by researchers in the field of rheology.

This technique is still a valuable resource for researchers working with very large protein complexes such as virus coat proteins and amyloid fibers.

The first such fibers did not propagate by such a bandgap but rather by an effective step index – however, the name has, for historical reasons, remained unchanged although some researchers prefer to call these fibers " holey " fibers or " microstructured " optical fibers in reference to the pre-existing work from Bell Labs.

The researchers removed the cladding from optical fibers, grew zinc oxide nanowires along the surface, treated them with dye molecules, surrounded the fibers by an electrolyte and a metal film that carries electrons off the fiber.

In 2009, researchers at the University of Texas, Austin created a monocolored light mill which has four curved vanes ; each vane forms a convex and a concave surface.

At rough vacuum, this asymmetric heating effect generates a net gas movement across each vane, from the concave side to the convex side, as shown by the researchers ' Direct Simulation Monte Carlo ( DSMC ) modeling.

The theories of the etiology of dyslexia have and are evolving with each new generation of dyslexia researchers, and the more recent theories of dyslexia tend to enhance one or more of the older theories as understanding of the nature of dyslexia evolves.

And in 2012, researchers finally succeeded in correctly identifying the path each particle had taken without any adverse effects at all on the interference pattern generated by the particles.

Field researchers in traditional song ( see below ) have encountered countless versions of this ballad throughout the English-speaking world, and these versions often differ greatly from each other.

If morning rush traffic can be heard from outside, if researchers or maintenance staff appear at the same time each day, an experiment can be ruined by masking.

HP researchers investigated a new architecture, later named explicitly parallel instruction computing ( EPIC ), that allows the processor to execute multiple instructions in each clock cycle.

In a regional nuclear conflict scenario where two opposing nations in the subtropics would each use 50 Hiroshima-sized nuclear weapons ( about 15 kiloton each ) on major populated centers, the researchers estimated as much as five million tons of soot would be released, which would produce a cooling of several degrees over large areas of North America and Eurasia, including most of the grain-growing regions.

In the 17th century, under the orders of Pope Paul V, the Secret Archives were separated from the Vatican Library, where scholars had some very limited access to them, and remained absolutely closed to outsiders until 1881, when Pope Leo XIII opened them to researchers, more than a thousand of whom now examine its documents each year.

It has been suggested that multiple male mates were related, and therefore cooperation in caring for each other's young is adaptive ; however, researchers tagged and tracked Goeldi's Marmosets over time, and noticed that unrelated males migrated to new groups to cooperate with nonrelatives as well as with relatives to care for young.

Both size classes lived along side each other, and while researchers had previously suggested that they represent different species, Christopher Bennett showed that the differences between them are consistent with the concept that they represent females and males, and that Pteranodon species were sexually dimorphic.

According to polar climate researchers, as the extent of the Arctic summer ice pack recedes, the route will become passable without the help of icebreakers for a greater period each summer.

The pattern of stripes is unique to each animal, these unique markings can be used by researchers to identify individuals ( both in the wild and captivity ), much in the same way that fingerprints are used to identify humans.

15 kiloton each ) on major population centers, the researchers predicted fatalities ranging from 2. 6 million to 16. 7 million per country.

An analysis of diagnosis of children reported in scientific publications, 44 case studies of single patients were found to be evenly distributed ( i. e. each case study was reported by a different author ) but in articles regarding groups of patients, four researchers were responsible for the majority of the reports.

A different international group of researchers were at work in each hall.

Faced with enormous task of producing a comprehensive dictionary, with a quotation illustrating the uses of each meaning of each word, and with evidence for the earliest use of each, Murray had turned to an early form of crowdsourcing-enlisting the help of dozens of amateur philologists as volunteer researchers.

However, the weight of the vote in each academic sector is different: the total student vote usually represents 20 % of the whole, no matter how many students there are ; the votes of the entire group made up of professors and readers ( members of what formerly was known as the Claustro ( cloister )) usually counts for about 40-50 % of the total ; lecturers, researchers ( including Ph. D. students and others ) and non-doctoral teachers, about 20 % of the total ; and the remainder ( usually some 5-10 %) is left for non-scholarly workers ( people in administration, etc.

Modern researchers aim to draw out quantitative " laws " that govern Earth surface processes, but equally, recognize the uniqueness of each landscape and environment in which these processes operate.

This approach has been criticized by modern researchers who have proposed that themes mentioned in other genres, such as as fairy tales, legends, and records of folk beliefs and magic practices, might compliment folk songs as each genre contains different themes and might provide only partial insight into mythology.

IBM researchers have also found that, for most computer keyboards, each key emits a slightly different noise when pressed.