These changes taken together have been interpreted as a result of an increased emphasis on pair bonding as a possible solution to the requirement for increased parental investment due to the prolonged infancy of offspring.

While prolonged grappling in muay Thai will result in a separation of the competitors, the art extensively uses the clinch hold known as a double collar tie.

Physical addiction to cocaine may result from prolonged exposure to excess dopamine in the synapses, which leads to the downregulation of some postsynaptic receptors.

In high doses and / or with prolonged use, cocaine can result in a number of negative effects as well, including irritability, anxiety, exhaustion, total insomnia, and even psychotic symptomatology.

In some extreme cases, people suffering from Münchausen's syndrome are highly knowledgeable about the practice of medicine and are able to produce symptoms that result in lengthy and costly medical analysis, prolonged hospital stay and unnecessary operations.

Brake failure can result from failure of the piston to retract, which is usually a consequence of not operating the vehicle during prolonged storage outdoors in adverse conditions.

He learns about an influential religious movement in San Lorenzo, called Bokononism, a strange, postmodern faith that combines irreverent, nihilistic, and cynical observations about life and God's will with odd, but peaceful rituals ( for instance, the supreme act of worship is an intimate act consisting of prolonged physical contact between the bare soles of the feet of two persons, supposed to result in peace and joy between the two communicants ).

A mild acidosis may result from prolonged fasting or when following a ketogenic diet or a very low calorie diet.

Carthage at this time was feeling the strain of the prolonged conflict ( In addition to maintaining a fleet and soldiers in Sicily they were also fighting the Libyans and Numidians in Africa ), and as a result Hamilcar was given a fairly small army and the Carthaginian fleet was gradually withdrawn so that by 242 BC Carthage had no ships to speak of in Sicily.

Like most central cities, Tacoma suffered a prolonged decline in the mid-20th century as a result of suburbanization and divestment.

His testicles were swollen horribly, the result of prolonged garroting, his ribs were broken, and then, while he was still alive, his head had been sawed off with a butcher's knife.

From the 15th to the 19th century, however, Vilvoorde suffered a prolonged decline, mainly because of the competition from Brussels, a general malaise in the textile industry, and the result of epidemics and wars, both political and religious.

In contrast to parliamentary systems, the failure of the legislature to authorize spending may not in all circumstances result in an election, because some such legislatures enjoy fixed terms and so cannot be dissolved before a date of termination, which can result in a prolonged crisis.

As the result of a prolonged wage-suppression, this saw the resignation of the majority of the airline's aircrew and the basic structure of the airline was changed forever.

He was, however, able to borrow money against future expectations of ecclesiastical preferment as a result of his close friendship with William Wake, then bishop of Lincoln .” Between the summer of 1711 and the Spring of 1712, Wotton appears to have experienced a Mid-life crisis, and he scandalized the neighbourhood on many occasions by being found drunk in public, or else was known to have spent prolonged periods in local brothels.

One prospective study involving cyclophosphamide was terminated early due to a high incidence of mortality, due to severe infections as a result of prolonged neutropenia.

Heavy, prolonged snow cover makes feeding difficult for the Green Woodpecker and can result in high mortality, from which it may take 10 years for the population to recover.

A prolonged bleeding time may be a result from decreased number of thrombocytes or impaired blood vessels.

As a consequence, nominal Christian male bigamists were subjected to unprecedented harsh punishments, such as execution, galley servitude, exile and prolonged imprisonment as a result of their actions.

Whereas high concentrations of TNF induce shock-like symptoms, the prolonged exposure to low concentrations of TNF can result in cachexia, a wasting syndrome.

While Cornwallis protected the main British column from any further American attack, Washington had fought his opponent to a standstill after a pitched and prolonged engagement ; the first time that Washington's army had achieved such a result.

One unfortunate result of these missions was a prolonged air attack on a suspected Japanese column on 21 February that turned out to consist of Commonwealth troops.

Second, prolonged depletion of groundwater in extensive aquifers can result in land subsidence, with associated infrastructure damage – as well as ( thirdly ) saline intrusion.

Injuries to the nerve can result from carrying heavy bags over the shoulder for a prolonged time.

So many types of pleasant labor can be described as a result of an earlier and more painful investment.

Frustration may appear as a result of these issues and because many of them lead to painful sexual intercourse, many women prefer not having sex at all.

The painful retreat caused a tempering quarrel within the group, with the result that Johansen and others were sent to explore King Edward VII Land.

Being stabbed by a sea urchin may result in painful injury.

Unlike previous superheroes who acquire their powers suddenly and accidentally, Paul's are the result of " painful and slow personal progress.

These secretions block the exocrine movement of the digestive enzymes into the duodenum and result in irreversible damage to the pancreas, often with painful inflammation ( pancreatitis ).

The latter was the only important piece he composed between December 1860 and August 1863: the reasons for this probably lie in the painful re-emergence of his subjective crisis in 1860 and the purely objective difficulties which resulted from the emancipation of the serfs the following year – as a result of which the family was deprived of half its estate, and Mussorgsky had to spend a good deal of time in Karevo unsuccessfully attempting to stave off their looming impoverishment.

Pigmented scars are usually the result of nodular or cystic acne ( the painful ' bumps ' lying under the skin ).

Likewise, Stanislav Grof suggested that painful and difficult experiences during a trip could be a result of the mind reliving experiences associated with birth, and that experiences of imprisonment, eschatological terror, or suffering far beyond anything imaginable in a normal state, if seen through to conclusion, often resolve into emotional, intellectual and spiritual breakthroughs.

On the 17th Vergniaud presided at the Convention, and it fell to him, labouring under the most painful excitement, to announce the fatal result of the voting.

On 31 July Canning wrote to his wife: " The anxious interval between this day and the hearing the result of his expedition will be long and painful indeed.

On 25 August he wrote to Granville Leveson-Gower: " The suspense is, as you may well imagine, agitating and painful in the extreme ; but I have an undiminished confidence as to the result, either by force or by treaty.

Movements of the mandible made past the extents functionally allowed by the muscular attachments will result in painful stimuli, and thus, movements past these more limited borders are rarely achieved in normal function.

Managing burn injuries properly is important because they are common, painful and can result in disfiguring and disabling scarring, amputation of affected parts or death in severe cases.

The nose has many nerves running through it and as a result, nose piercings can be painful, although it varies by individual.

For women with IC, pain usually occurs the following day, the result of painful, spasming pelvic floor muscles.

* Dry socket, a painful opening as a result of the blood not clotting after a tooth is pulled

The most painful result of the raids was the jump of Jack Benny and Burns and Allen to CBS, forcing NBC to offer more lucrative deals to Bob Hope, Phil Harris and Alice Faye in order to keep them from defecting.

" As he recalled, these works were not well received in the post-war Zionist community, because they evoked painful memories in a general mood of optimism ; as a result, Janco decided to change his palette and tackle subjects which related exclusively to his new country.

* In a multicenter, prospective double-blinded randomized controlled trial ( RCT ) involving 131 participants who were patients with one or two painful osteoporotic vertebral fractures, vertebroplasty did not result in greater improvement than a sham procedure in overall pain, physical functioning, or quality of life at 3 or 6 months after treatment.

The result is that low intensity stimuli from regular activity, initiates a painful sensation.

A fourth infraction would involve beatings being administered to his son, and subsequent infractions would result in more trips to the shock room with higher voltage, and more painful beatings of Alvin.

These bristles can result in painful rashes, and have been likened to sharp shards of fiberglass.

By this time he had sustained a serious wound in the top of the head and yet another most painful wound in the arm as a result of this action.