The mature sporophyte produces spores by a process called meiosis, sometimes referred to as " reduction division " because the chromosome pairs are separated once again to form single sets.

The fungi are called ' puffballs ' because clouds of brown dust-like spores are emitted when the mature fruiting body bursts, or in response to impacts such as those of falling raindrops.

It has been estimated that a large specimen of this fungus when mature will produce around 7 × 10¹² spores.

A mature sporophyte produces spores by meiosis, a process which results in a reduction of the number of chromosomes by a half.

The zygote develops into a plasmodium, and the mature plasmodium produces, depending on the species, one to many fruiting bodies containing haploid spores.

The haploid phase begins when the mature organism releases many spores, which then germinate to become male or female gametophytes.

The mature sporophyte produces spores which grow into a gametophyte, thus completing the cycle.

When the sporophyte is mature, it has a multicellular outer layer, a central rod-like columella running up the center, and a layer of tissue in between that produces spores and pseudo-elaters.

The gill attachment to the stem is adnexed ( narrowly attached ), and they are initially cream-colored before tinting purple as the spores mature.

Their color is initially pale brown, but becomes dark gray to purple-brown with a lighter edge as the spores mature.

The fungi begin their life as spores, released into the environment by a mature mushroom.

The gills hold the spores of a mature mushroom.

Once spore formation is complete, this signifies a mature mushroom and now is able to spread its spores to start a new generation.

Most mosses produce a capsule with a lid ( the operculum ) which falls off when the spores inside are mature and thus ready to be dispersed.

Asexual spores are formed within pinhead-like sporangia, which break to release the spores when mature.

The " PKX organism ", the causative agent of the disease, had been recognized as some form of Malacosporean, but the absence of mature spores in salmonid hosts, the lack of fish to fish transmission, and seasonality of the disease suggest that the life cycle of PKX was completed in another host and that infection of salmonids could be accidental.

In most discomycetes, each ascus contains eight sexual spores that are forcibly discharged into the air when mature.

They are cream to light brown or brownish yellow, becoming purple brown as the spores mature.

The spores recovered from the attack showed that they were identical to an anthrax vaccine strain given to animals at the time.

Amsterdam mayor Job Cohen proposed a three day cooling period in which clients would be informed three days before actually procuring the mushrooms and if they would still like to go through with it they could pick up their spores from the smart shop.

The Protostelids have characters intermediate between the previous two groups, but they are much smaller, the fruiting bodies only forming one to a few spores.

When spores are inhaled, ingested, or come into contact with a skin lesion on a host, they may become reactivated and multiply rapidly.

Different types of asexual spores can be identified by colour, shape, and how they are released as individual spores.

* Meiospores: spores produced by meiosis ; they are thus haploid, and give rise to a haploid daughter cell ( s ) or a haploid individual.

* Mitospores ( or conidia, conidiospores ): spores produced by mitosis ; they are characteristic of Ascomycetes.

In trilete spores, all four spores share a common origin and are in contact with each other, so when they separate, each spore shows three lines radiating from a center pole.

Also, spores are less subject to animal predation than seeds because they contain almost no food reserve ; however they are more subject to fungal and bacterial predation.

The spores of puffballs are statismospores rather than ballistospores, meaning they are not actively shot off the basidium.

Secotioid fungi may or may not have opening caps, but in any case they lack the vertical geotropic orientation of the hymenophore needed to allow the spores to be dispersed by wind, and the basidiospores are not forcibly discharged.

The spores are released and travel on the wind until they infect an apple, pear, or hawthorn tree.

These spores are referred to as the repeating stage because they can cause auto-infection ( re-infect the same host from which the spores were borne ).

When the spores germinate, they develop into new mycelia.

It also produces spores but they are genetically defective and do not produce viable offspring.

Rain can wash spores into the soil where they infect young tubers.

Though they are not capable of forming spores, enterococci are tolerant of a wide range of environmental conditions: extreme temperature ( 10-45 ° C ), pH ( 4. 5-10. 0 ) and high sodium chloride concentrations.

These plants bear spores on specialized structures at the apex of a shoot ; they resemble a tiny battle club, from which the common name derives.

The genera Huperzia, Phlegmariurus and Phylloglossum, the species of which were generally included in a more broadly defined Lycopodium in older classifications, are treated in the separate family Huperziaceae in some classifications, and are treated so here ; they differ in producing spores in small lateral structures in the leaf axils.

However, some bacteria such as Clostridium botulinum or Bacillus cereus, can form spores that survive cooking, which then germinate and regrow after the food has cooled.

The primordia form at ground level in lawns in humid spaces under the thatch and after heavy rainfall or in dewy conditions balloon to full size in a few hours, release spores, and then collapse.

Some species form extraordinarily resilient spores, but for bacteria this is a mechanism for survival, not reproduction.

They can readily change the shape and function of parts and may form stalks that produce fruiting bodies, releasing countless spores, light enough to be carried on the wind or hitch a ride on passing animals.

Like many other members of the genus Bacillus, Bacillus anthracis can form dormant endospores ( often referred to as " spores " for short, but not to be confused with fungal spores ) that are able to survive in harsh conditions for decades or even centuries.

Often such species form only two spores per basidium, but that too varies.

Fungi which do not open up to let their spores be dispersed in the air, but which show a clear morphological relation to agarics or boletes, constitute an intermediate form and are called secotioid.

The great advantage of iodine antiseptics is their wide scope of antimicrobial activity, killing all principal pathogens and, given enough time, even spores, which are considered to be the most difficult form of microorganisms to be inactivated by disinfectants and antiseptics.

The free-swimming gametes form a zygote which germinates into a diploid sporophyte ; the free-swimming spores germinate into a haploid gametophyte.

Its body comprises a long stalk topped by a capsule within which spore-producing cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.

Karogamy produces a diploid zygote, which is a short-lived sporophyte that soon undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores.

Haploid spores germinate to form swarm cells or myxamoebae.

Clubmosses are thought to be structurally similar to the earliest vascular plants, with small, scale-like leaves, homosporous spores borne in sporangia at the bases of the leaves, branching stems ( usually dichotomous ), and generally simple form.

Some filamentous colonies show the ability to differentiate into several different cell types: vegetative cells, the normal, photosynthetic cells that are formed under favorable growing conditions ; akinetes, the climate-resistant spores that may form when environmental conditions become harsh ; and thick-walled heterocysts, which contain the enzyme nitrogenase, vital for nitrogen fixation.

Following dispersal, such fungal spores must meet with a compatible algal partner before a functional lichen can form.

Within the capsule, spore-producing cells undergo meiosis to form haploid spores, upon which the cycle can start again.

These undergo meiosis to form haploid spores.

are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form spores.

The form of the ascus, the capsule which contains the sexual spores, is important for classification of the Ascomycota.

The diploid cells ( the preferential ' form ' of yeast ) similarly undergo a simple life cycle of mitosis and growth, but under conditions of stress can undergo sporulation, entering meiosis and producing four haploid spores, which can proceed on to mate.

It is non-motile and does not form spores.

Under conditions of lower temperature, or higher ventilation, gray or black patches of spores may form on the surface — this is not harmful, and should not affect the flavor or quality of the tempeh.