Any large, smoothbore, muzzle-loading gun — used before the advent of breech-loading, rifled guns — may be referred to as a cannon, though once standardized names were assigned to different sized cannons, the term specifically referred to a gun designed to fire a shot, as opposed to a demi-cannon-, culverin-, or demi-culverin-.

For such standardized values the name of the enthalpy is commonly prefixed with the term standard, e. g. standard enthalpy of formation.

Although meritocracy as a term is a relatively recent invention, the concept of a government based on standardized examinations originates from the works of Confucius, along with other Legalist and Confucian philosophers.

Laudanum was originally the sixteenth-century term for a medicine associated with a particular physician that was widely well-regarded, but became standardized as " tincture of opium ," a solution of opium in ethanol, which Paracelsus has been credited with developing.

In telecommunication, the term repeater has the following standardized meanings:

Dimensional lumber is a term used for lumber that is finished / planed and cut to standardized width and depth specified in inches.

Soon thereafter, Leibniz used the term extensively in Latin in his Mathematische Schriften ( 1692 ), after which it became a standardized mathematical term.

" Typically in Christianity, however, the term " the liturgy " normally refers to a standardized order of events observed during a religious service, be it a sacramental service or a service of public prayer.

Unlike standardized systems of Romanization of Greek, as used internationally for purposes such as rendering Greek proper names or place names, or for bibliographic purposes, the term Greeklish mainly refers to informal, ad-hoc practices of writing Greek text in environments where the use of the Greek alphabet is technically impossible or cumbersome, especially in electronic media.

However, it has also been implemented with datagram-oriented transport protocols, such as the User Datagram Protocol ( UDP ) and the Datagram Congestion Control Protocol ( DCCP ), usage which has been standardized independently using the term Datagram Transport Layer Security ( DTLS ).

The term " template bleeding time " is used when the test is performed to standardized parameters.

Ready-to-wear or prêt-à-porter (; often abbreviated RTW ; " off-the-rack " or " off-the-peg " in casual use ) is the term for factory-made clothing, sold in finished condition, in standardized sizes, as distinct from made to measure or bespoke clothing tailored to a particular person's frame.

The spelling of the term has never been fully standardized, and its form appeared quite inconsistently until after the 1920s.

In the context of consumer electronics, the term " DIN connector " commonly refers to a member of a family of circular connectors that were initially standardized by DIN for analog audio signals.

Oldsmobile has called second gear as the ' Super ' range — which was first used on their 4-speed Hydramatic transmissions although the use of the term continued until the early 1980s when GM's Turbo Hydramatic automatic transmissions were standardized by all of their divisions years after the 4-speed Hydramatic was discontinued.

Spiegelman later came to accept the term, and, with Drawn and Quarterly publisher Chris Oliveros, successfully lobbied the Book Industry Study Group in the early 2000s to include " graphic novel " as a standardized category in bookstores.

Additionally, differential access to goods, services, and opportunities of society can be included within the term institutional racism, such as unpaved streets and roads, inherited socio-economic disadvantage, “ standardized ” tests ( each ethnic group prepared for it differently ; many are poorly prepared ), et cetera.

The concept was introduced by Patrick Geddes, Cities in Evolution ( 1910 ), but David Landes ' use of the term in a 1966 essay and in The Unbound Prometheus ( 1972 ) standardized scholarly definitions of the term, which was most intensely promoted by American historian Alfred Chandler ( 1918 – 2007 ).

( The term " migrant domestic worker " is a standardized term, where the word " domestic " is taken to mean " within the home ," rather than its more prevalent meaning of being of or belonging to a particular sovereign state.

ESER is an abbreviation for Einheitliches System Elektronischer Rechenmaschinen ( German for standardized system of electronic computers ), a term used in the GDR for ES EVM computers produced according to a treaty between the members of Comecon signed on December 23, 1968 covering the development of a standardized computing system.

In general, this limits the term to the last two or perhaps three centuries, with the rise of standardized and, later, compulsory education at the primary and secondary levels.

At the peak of its efficiency in the early 16th century, the Venetian Arsenal employed some 16, 000 people who apparently were able to produce nearly one ship each day, and could fit out, arm, and provision a newly-built galley with standardized parts on an assembly-line basis not seen again until the Industrial Revolution.

Many contemporary definitions of " artist " and " art " are highly contingent on culture, resisting aesthetic prescription, in much the same way that the features constituting beauty and the beautiful, cannot be standardized easily without corruption into kitsch.

During this year the Navy and Air Force agreed on standardized naming conventions for their missiles.

Present-day written Bulgarian language was standardized on the basis of the 19th-century Bulgarian vernacular.

In 1944, Jones wrote to John Walvoord of Dallas Theological Seminary that while the university had " no objection to educational work highly standardized …. We, however, cannot conscientiously let some group of educational experts or some committee of experts who may have a behavioristic or atheistic slant on education control or even influence the administrative policies of our college.

The 1541 used a proprietary bit-serial derivative of the standardized IEEE-488 parallel interface, which was used on Commodore's earlier drives for the PET / CBM range of personal / business computers.

) This in turn means that all of the central moments and standardized moments do not exist ( are undefined ), since they are all based on the mean.

It presents case histories and a number of X-ray plates to support claims that Dianetics had cured " aberrations " including manic depression, asthma, arthritis, colitis and " overt homosexuality ," and that after Dianetic processing, test subjects experienced significantly increased scores on a standardized IQ test.

From at least 297 on, imperial taxation was standardized, made more equitable, and levied at generally higher rates.

After the release of ECMAScript, W3C began work on a standardized DOM.

The claims clearly renounce historical research that shows that all ethnic and income groups score differently on all standardized tests and standards based assessments and that students will achieve on a bell curve.

Web-based international educational software is under development by students at New York University, based on the belief that current educational institutions are too rigid: effective teaching is not routine, students are not passive, and questions of practice are not predictable or standardized.

In Taiwan in the 1990s and first decade of the 21st century a movement tried to prioritize reasoning over mere facts, reduce the emphasis on central control and standardized testing.

The AT bus architecture was so well entrenched that no single clone manufacturer had the leverage to create a standardized alternative, and there was no compelling reason for them to cooperate on a new standard.

A standardized hogshead measured long and in diameter at the head ( at least, depending on the width in the middle ).

The chert weights and measures of the Indus Valley Civilization, on the other hand, were highly standardized, and conform to a set scale of gradations.

; Drivers: A one-year long study, conducted by a firm that provides statistical information to insurance companies so they can determine rates, found that drivers of H2 and H3 Hummers receive about five times as many traffic tickets as the national average for all vehicles ( standardized based on the number of violations per 100, 000 miles driven ).

Infocom games were written using a roughly LISP-like programming language called ZIL ( Zork Implementation Language or Zork Interactive Language — it was referred to as both ) that compiled into a byte code able to run on a standardized virtual machine called the Z-machine.

We know of two types of economies in human societies: natural or non-monetary economies ( using barter and trade with no centralized nor standardized set of financial instruments ) and more modern monetary economies ( with markets, currency, financial instruments and so on ).

Programs intended to run on a JVM must be compiled into a standardized portable binary format, which typically comes in the form of. class files.

Access control is not standardized, though there has been work on it and there are commonly used models.

The MPPC ended the domination of foreign films on American screens, standardized the manner in which films were distributed and exhibited in America, and improved the quality of American motion pictures by internal competition.

* Value-added modelling, a technique for measuring teacher performance based on the changes in student scores from year to year on standardized tests