These " proto-Canaanites " were in regular contact with the other peoples to their south such as Egypt, and to the north Asia Minor ( Hurrians, Hattians, Hittites, Luwians ) and Mesopotamia ( Sumer, Akkad, Assyria ), a trend that continued through the Iron Age.

The kingdom of Israel continued to exist until c. 723 BC, when it was again invaded by Assyria and the rest of the population deported.

The Persians maintained and did not interfere in the native culture and religion and Assyria and Babylon continued to exist as entities, and Assyria was strong enough to launch a major rebellion against Persia in 482 BCE.

Throughout this entire period both Assyria and Babylonia continued to exist as geo political entities and named regions, and Assyria in particular became a center of a distinctly Mesopotamian Christianity, namely the ancient Eastern Syrian Rite Christianity which was spread all over the near east and as far away as central Asia, India, Mongolia and China by travelling monks and still exists as the religion of the Assyrians to this day in the form of the Assyrian Church of the East, Chaldean Catholic Church and Ancient Church of the East.

The king Ahsheri, who ruled until the 650s BC, continued to enlarge the territory of Mannea, although paying tribute to Assyria.

After the destruction and exile of the northern Kingdom of Israel by Assyria, non-Yahwistic practices continued.

The continued presence in significant quantities of Assyrian goods or copies, alongside objects of local manufacture, attest to continued cultural contact with Assyria at this time ; iron first appears in bulk at Hansanlu at around the same time Assyria seized control of the metal trade in Asia Minor.

He was succeeded by the Chaldean prince Mushezib-Marduk, who continued the resistance against Assyria.

Early civilizations such as Assyria used forced resettlement of populations as a means of controlling territory, but it was not until much later in the late 19th and 20th centuries that records exist of groups of civilian non-combatants being concentrated into large prison camps.

Assyria ceased to exist as an independent power, and Egypt retreated and was no longer a significant force in the Ancient Near East.

However, much later texts documenting the exploits of King Assurbanipal of Assyria ( 668 – 627 BC ), long after the Indus Valley civilization had ceased to exist, seem to imply that Meluhha is to be found somewhere near Egypt, in Africa.

After the Arab Islamic conquest in the 7th century AD Assyria was dissolved as an entity.

Bearers of names in the Hurrian language are attested in wide areas of Syria and the northern Levant that are clearly outside the area of the political entity known to Assyria as Hanilgalbat.

Assyria remained a Geo-political entity after its fall, and was ruled as an occupied province under the rule of various empires from the late 7th century BC until the mid 7th century AD when it was dissolved, and the Assyrian people have gradually become a minority in their homelands since that time.

Romans and Parthians fought over Assyria and the rest of Mesopotamia until 226 AD, when it was taken over by the Sassanid ( Persian ) Empire.

Between 150 BC and 226 AD Assyria changed hands between the Parthians and Romans ( Roman Province of Assyria ) until coming under the rule of Sassanid Persia in 226 AD – 651 AD, where it was known as Asuristan.

The Sumerian civilization spanned over 3000 years and began with the first settlement of Eridu in the Ubaid period ( mid-6th millennium BC ) through the Uruk period ( 4th millennium BC ) and the Early Dynastic periods ( 3rd millennium BC ) until the rise of Assyria and Babylonia in the late 3rd and early 2nd millennium BC respectively.

Upon his death, the Amorites were driven from Assyria, but remained masters of Babylonia until 1595 BC, when they were ejected by the Hittites.

Reuben was a member of the kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by Assyria in c. 723 BC and the population deported.

Ephraim was a member of the Northern Kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by Assyria in c. 723 BC and the population deported.

Manasseh was a member of the kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by Assyria in c. 723 BC and the population deported.

However, it is known that the god Ashur was still worshipped in Assyria as late as the 4th Century AD and it is rumoured that Ashurism was still practiced by tiny minorities in northern Assyria ( around Harran ) until the 17th Century AD.

The real and historical Shammuramat ( in Greek, Semiramis ), was the Assyrian queen of Shamshi-Adad V ( ruled 824 BC – 811 BC ), King of Assyria and ruler of the Neo Assyrian Empire, and its regent for four years until her son Adad-nirari III came of age.

A century later, in the time of Josiah, the prophecy was revised to present Ahaz as the faithless king who rejected God's promise of protection for Jerusalem and the house of David, with the result that God brought Assyria to devastate the land until a new and faithful king ( presumably Josiah ) would arise.

From 610 BC until his death, Nabopolassar also waged war against Egypt, which was allied with Assyria.

Ashurbanipal did not accede to the kingship of Assyria until late in the year.

However, other tribes born to wives, including the firstborn Reuben, were also included on the eastern outskirts, and immediately adjacent to Israel's more traditional enemies at the time of their entry to Canaan, the Moabites and Ammonites ( wars with Aram and Assyria did not begin until over 500 years after the entry to Canaan-I Kings 11: 25, II Kings 15: 19 ).

Gad was a member of the kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by Assyria in c. 723 BC and the population deported.

Asher was a member of the kingdom until the kingdom was conquered by Assyria in c. 723 BC and the population deported.

When Manasseh's reign began, Sennacherib was king of Assyria, who reigned until 681 BC.

Tiglath-Pileser II ( from the Hebraic form of Akkadian Tukultī-apil-Ešarra ) was King of Assyria from 967 BCE, when he succeeded his father Ashur-resh-ishi II until his death in 935 BCE, when he was succeeded by his son Ashur-dan II.

Those were the kings of Egypt, Hatti, Babylonia, Mitanni ( until its demise in the 14th century ), Assyria ( only after the demise of Mitanni ), and for a brief time Myceneans.

Kuturnahunte I of Elam, seizing the opportunity left by Samsu-iluna's attack on Uruk, marched into the ( now wall-less ) city and plundered it, among the items looted was a statue of Inanna which wouldn't be returned until the reign of Ashurbanipal 11 centuries In Assyria, a native vice regent named Puzur-Sin ejected Asinum who had been a vassal king of his fellow Amorite Hammurabi.

Opium was also mentioned after the Persian conquest of Assyria and Babylonian lands in the sixth century BCE.

* 605 BC: Battle of Carchemish: Crown Prince Nebuchadrezzar of Babylon defeats the army of Necho II of Egypt, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria.

There was a brief interludes of Roman conquest ( Roman Assyria, Roman Mesopotamia ; AD 116 to 118 ) under Trajan, after which the Parthians reasserted control.

* 605 BC — Battle of Carchemish: Crown Prince Nebuchadnezzar II of Babylon defeats the army of Necho II of Egypt, securing the Babylonian conquest of Assyria.

After the Arab Islamic invasion and conquest in the 7th Century AD, both Assyria and Babylonia were dissolved.

The city was sacked and largely destroyed during the conquest of Assyria by the Medes, Babylonians and Scythians in 612 BC.

The area was still known as Assuristan ( Assyria ) under the Persian Sassanid Empire until the Arab Islamic conquest of the 7th Century AD when it was renamed al-Jazira.

By the mid 2nd millennium BCE early Indo-Aryans had reached Assyria in the west ( the Indo-Aryan superstrate in Mitanni ) and the northern Punjab in the east ( the Rigvedic tribes ).

The Indo-European etymology of the theonym has been called into question, since the goddess appears from as early as the mid 3rd millennium as one of the chief goddesses of Ebla, and her name appears as an element in theophoric names in Mesopotamia in the later 3rd millennium ( Akkad period ), and into the first ( Assyria ), as in Tukulti-apil-esharra ( i. e., Tiglath-Pileser ).