Astronomers never preposed seriously to replace our era with their astronomical era ( which for that matter coincides exactly with the Christian era where it concerns the calendar years after the year 4 ).

So the Orange County Astronomers started and grew at the right time to take advantage of this coming era.

Astronomers had expected to see the fireballs from the impacts, but did not have any idea in advance how visible the atmospheric effects of the impacts would be from Earth.

Astronomers did not observe large amounts of water following the collisions, and later impact studies found that fragmentation and destruction of the cometary fragments in an ' airburst ' probably occurred at much higher altitudes than previously expected, with even the largest fragments being destroyed when the pressure reached, well above the expected depth of the water layer.

Astronomers have long thought it was quite likely that many undiscovered dwarf stars exist within 20 light years of Earth, as stellar population surveys show the count of known nearby dwarf stars to be lower than otherwise expected and these stars are dim and easily overlooked.

Astronomers anticipate an increase of activity in the region of the black hole, giving opportunity for further study, in mid-2013, as it is expected that a large gas cloud will be disrupted by close approach.

Astronomers made over 104, 000 observations using the IUE, of objects ranging from solar system bodies to distant quasars.

Astronomers had believed for some time that parallax would provide the first accurate measurement of interstellar distances — in fact, in the 1830s there was a fierce competition between astronomers to be the first to measure a stellar parallax accurately.

Astronomers theorize however that most, if not all, novae are recurrent, albeit on time scales ranging from 1, 000 to 100, 000 years.

Astronomers before Eddy had also named the period after the solar astronomer Edward W. Maunder ( 1851 – 1928 ) who studied how sunspot latitudes changed with time.

Astronomers found that it was more accurate to establish time by observing stars as they crossed a meridian rather than by observing the position of the Sun in the sky.

Astronomers and scientists did not make any effort to detect this background radiation at that time, due to both a lack of interest and the immaturity of microwave observation.

Astronomers initially ruled out the possibility that some of the point-like objects are white dwarfs, because they are too blue to be consistent with theories of white dwarf evolution prevalent at the time.

Astronomers need to be able to assign systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects, and at the same time give names to the most interesting objects and, where relevant, features of those objects.

Radhakrishnan was one of the most respected Radio Astronomers in the world during his time, in that he was associated in one capacity or other with the world ’ s biggest radio telescopes.

Astronomers at that time believed in the Kant-Laplace hypothesis, which stated that the farthest planets from the sun are the oldest — therefore Mars was more likely to have advanced civilizations than Venus.

Astronomers at the time, including Edmond Halley, speculated that this comet was a return of a bright comet seen close to the Sun in the sky in 1106.

During this time the park manager allows amateur astronomers including the Minnesota Amateur Astronomers, MNAA, to use the park and facilities.

Astronomers had to make thousands of such calculations, and because the best method of multiplication available was long multiplication, most of this time was spent taxingly multiplying out products.

Astronomers of his time believed the universe to be heliocentric, a belief they held until the 1920s.

Astronomers of any nationality could apply for telescope time, choosing whichever agency they preferred to apply to.

Astronomers also measure the apparent size of objects as an angular diameter.

Astronomers who believed quasars were not at cosmological distances argued that the Eddington luminosity set limits on how distant the quasars could be since the energy output required to explain the apparent brightness of cosmologically-distant quasars was far too high to be explainable by nuclear fusion alone.

Astronomers measure the angular separation of two stars by imagining two lines through the centre of the Earth, each intersecting one of the stars.

Astronomers detected what appeared to be a faint blue star at the location of the radio source and obtained its spectrum.

Astronomers defined the fundamental location in the selenographic coordinate system by the small, bowl-shaped satellite crater ' Mösting A '.

" Astronomers have noted that the observation may have been of a reflection of a bright star which lies two degrees to the north of NGC 56's location.

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Astronomers were surprised by these " hot Jupiters ," since theories of planetary formation had indicated that giant planets should only form at large distances from stars.

Astronomers produce new fundamental ephemerides as the accuracy of observation improves and as the understanding of the dynamics increases, and from these ephemerides various astronomical values, including the obliquity, are derived.

Astronomers need universal systematic designations to unambiguously identify all of these objects using astronomical naming conventions, while assigning names to the most interesting objects and, where relevant, naming important or interesting features of those objects.

Astronomers are confident that these observations of Sagittarius A * provide good empirical evidence that our own Milky Way galaxy has a supermassive black hole at its center, 26, 000 light-years from the Solar System because:

Astronomers divide these stars into classes 0, I, II and III, according to how much infrared radiation the stars give off.

Astronomers believe these signs reflect an individual ’ s character or personality.

And even among those Stars which are reckoned of the brightest Class, there appears a Variety of Magnitude ; for Sirius or Arcturus are each of them brighter than Aldebaran or the Bull's Eye, or even than the Star in Spica ; and yet all these Stars are reckoned among the Stars of the first Order: And there are some Stars of such an intermedial Order, that the Astronomers have differed in classing of them ; some putting the same Stars in one Class, others in another.

Astronomers from Galileo to Jaques Cassini mistook these spurious disks for the physical bodies of stars, and thus into the eighteenth century continued to think of magnitude in terms of the physical size of a star.

As a result of appointments of Government Astronomers in Sydney and Melbourne there were far more precise values for the longitudes of these places and hence the 141st longitude of the legal border.

Astronomers use the principle of parallax to measure distances to celestial objects including to the Moon, the Sun, and to stars beyond the Solar System.

Astronomers preferentially use the HD designation of a star, as that catalogue also gives spectroscopic information, but as the Durchmusterungs cover more stars they occasionally fall back on the older designations when dealing with one not found in Draper.

Astronomers have directly observed protoplanetary disks, brown dwarfs, intense and turbulent motions of the gas, and the photo-ionizing effects of massive nearby stars in the nebula.

Astronomers theorize that they may be a rare type of x-ray emitting binary stars or intermediate-mass black holes.

Astronomers were able to discover that IRS2 is in fact a twin system composed of two almost equally massive stars.

Astronomers using the Hale Telescope have discovered distant objects at the edges of the known universe called quasars and have given us the first direct evidence of stars in distant galaxies.

Astronomers had made careful photometric measurements of several stars known to be orbited by planets, in the hope that they might observe a dip in brightness caused by the transit of the planet across the star's face.

Astronomers observe a wide range of astronomical sources, including high-redshift galaxies, AGNs, the afterglow from the Big Bang and many different types of stars and protostars.

Astronomers have been discovering " extrasolar " planets ( planets that orbit stars other than the Sun ) the last few years.

Astronomers had made careful photometric measurements of several stars known to be orbited by planets, in the hope that they might observe a dip in brightness caused by the transit of the planet across the star's face.

Astronomers study the actual stars and planets, but have found no evidence supporting astrological theories.

Astronomers at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, Maryland and the European Space Agency in discerned the distance by observing Cepheid variable stars within I Zwicky 18.

Astronomers took careful note of " guest stars ", which suddenly appeared among the fixed stars.